Trans-olefin compounds, method for production thereof, liquid crystal composition containing the same as active ingredient, and liquid crystal element using said composition

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to trans-olefin compounds represented by the general formula (1) useful as an ingredient of liquid crystal composition, trans-olefin compounds useful as intermediate of pesticides, medical drugs, liquid crystal materials and the like, a process for producing those trans-olefin compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the trans-olefin compound as an active ingredient, and a liquid crystal element using the liquid crystal composition. ##STR1## (In the general formula (1), R 1 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , Z and R 2  are same as defined in the specification. Also, m, p, q, n, r, s and t are each an integer as defined in the specification.)

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to trans-olefin compounds useful as aningredient of liquid crystal composition, trans-olefin compounds usefulas intermediate of pesticides, medical drugs, liquid crystal materialsand the like, a process for producing those trans-olefin compounds, aliquid crystal composition containing the trans-olefin compound as anactive ingredient, and a liquid crystal element using said liquidcrystal composition.

2. Related Art Statement

With the recent progress in information society, a variety of displaydevices are getting an increasing importance as one of machineinterfaces. Of such displays, planar displays and particularly liquidcrystal displays (LCD) have rapidly been distributed because of theirsmall thickness, lightness in weight, low driving voltage, and smallconsumption of electric power.

Among the liquid crystal elements represented by liquid crystal display,the matrix type liquid crystal elements large in the amount ofinformation are classified into active matrix type and simple matrixtype from the viewpoint of method of driving.

In the active matrix type, thin-film transistors or diodes made ofpolysilicon, amorphous silicon or the like are set as non-linearelements by every image element. However, the active matrix type iscomplicated in the process of production and low in product yield, sothat it is inferior from the viewpoint of enlargement of area, reductionof cost and enhancement of density. Thus, at the present time, thesimple matrix type is advantageous over the active matrix type so far asprice and productivity are taken into account.

As the liquid crystal element of simple matrix type which is inpractical use currently, those using TN type and STN type liquidcrystals are predominant. The optical response of these elementsutilizes orientation of the average liquid crystal molecular axis in aparticular direction in an electric field, which is based on thedielectric anisotropy of liquid crystal molecules. Accordingly, thelimit of optical response speed of these elements is of milli-secondorder, which is insufficient in the light of the increasing amount ofinformation of the current time. Although a variety of driving methodshave so far been proposed with the aim of overcoming this difficulty,none of those proposals can give an essential solution to the problem,so that enlargement of capacity and enhancement of density are difficultto realize by those proposals. Further, these liquid crystals are sorestricted in the angle of visual field and in the quality of display asto present another important difficulty.

In 1980, N. A. Clark and S. T. Lagerwall Applied Phys. Lett., 36, 899(1980)! proposed a liquid crystal element utilizing a bistable liquidcrystal with the aim of solving the above-mentioned essential problem ofliquid crystal element. As such bistable liquid crystal, ferroelectricliquid crystals exhibiting a chiral-smectic C phase are predominantlyused.

The ferroelectric liquid crystal element is essentially characterized inthat (1) it shows two optically stable states, and the optically stablestates are maintained as they are even after removal of electric field(bistability) and (2) the optically stable states can be switched inmicro-second order (high-speed response property). Further, theferroelectric liquid crystal element is characterized also in that (3)the liquid crystal molecules respond in a plane parallel to substrateand the cell has a small thickness, so that the visual fieldangle-dependence of display is small (wide angle of visual field).Accordingly, the ferroelectric liquid crystal element requires no use ofexpensive non-linear element unlike active matrix type, and is expectedas a high-quality large-sized display which can achieve a high displaycapacity and a high display quality by a simple matrix method.

Recently, M. F. Bone (U.S. Pat. No. 5,047,757; JP-A-3-20715) hasreported an address method of matrix array type liquid crystal cell(inverse mode or τ-Vmin mode) using a liquid crystal material socontrolled that response time of the liquid crystal takes a minimumvalue at a particular voltage. In such address method, a liquid crystalelement is driven by using the positive gradient region of thevoltage-dependence of response time, on the basis of the fact thatresponse time of liquid crystal takes a minimum value at a particularvoltage. The use of such a driving method expectedly gives anon-flickering good image.

A liquid crystal material which can be used in such inverse mode musthave a negative dielectric anisotropy at least over the high frequencynumber range of 1-40 kHz, in addition to the characteristic propertiesconventionally required of ferroelectric liquid crystal materials,namely a phase series necessary for obtaining a good state oforientation or, in other words, a phase series changing, when slowlycooled, from isotropic phase via cholesteric phase and smectic A phaseinto chiral smectic C phase, and a low viscosity and a high-speedresponse property.

Although a number of liquid crystal materials have so far been reportedeither on paper or verbally, all these techniques have had some unsolvedproblem. One of the problems is to develop a liquid crystal materialexhibiting chiral smectic C phase in a sufficiently wide temperaturerange and showing a minimum response time at a particular electricfield.

Many properties are required of a ferroelectric liquid crystal materialused in an actual ferroelectric liquid crystal element, whatever drivingmethod is adopted. At the present stage, any single compound cannotfulfil all of such requirements, but a ferroelectric liquid crystalcomposition prepared by mixing together a plurality of liquid crystalcompounds or non-liquid crystal compounds must be used. Up to today,however, there has been discovered no liquid crystal materialsimultaneously satisfying these practical requirements.

Although some aspects of the present invention may be involved in theconceptions of U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,904 (Japanese patent Kohyo 62-502620)and U.S. Pat. No. 5,209,866 (Japanese Patent Kohyo 2-503434) if thefactors in the general formulas presented therein are favorablycombined, the compounds of the present invention are by no meansmentioned concretely in these prior patents.

OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a compound havingexcellent properties as a liquid crystal compound, an industrial processfor advantageously producing said compound, a liquid crystal compositioncontaining said compound, and a liquid crystal element using saidcomposition.

After extensive studies for development of excellent liquid crystalcompound and liquid crystal composition, the present inventors inventedtrans-olefin compounds represented by the general formula (1) and liquidcrystal compositions containing said trans-olefin compounds. Thecompounds of the present invention are quite excellent in properties inthat:

when the compound of the present invention is an optically activecompound, it exhibits a ferroelectric Sc* phase; and

even when the compound of the invention is not optically active, thecompound of the present invention exhibits Sc phase having a lowviscosity and a broad temperature range; and

in both the cases, the liquid crystal developing temperature is higherthan that of the corresponding saturated compound. Thus, if the compoundof the present invention is used as a composition, it is effective forenhancing the upper limit temperature of Sc* phase, and exhibiting Sc*phase in a broad temperature range. Further, a liquid crystalcomposition containing said trans-olefin compound is quite useful as aferroelectric liquid crystal material in that it readily undergoes aspontaneous polarization and exhibits a large tilt angle and ahigh-speed response property.

Some of the compounds of the present invention are useful as a liquidcrystal element using nematic phase.

Further, the present inventors have found out a process for producingthe trans-olefin compounds of the present invention in a highselectivity by using a compound prepared by adding a boron compound tothe trans position of an acetylene compound.

Thus, the present invention provides a trans-olefin compound representedby general formula (1): ##STR2## wherein R¹ is saturated or unsaturatedalkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturatedalkoxyalkyl group having 2-20 carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms, providedthat when m=1, R¹ may be a protecting group for hydroxyl group, and whenr=0, s=0 and t=0, R¹ cannot be an unsaturated alkyl group; R² ishydrogen atom or saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1-20 carbonatoms which may optionally be substituted by halogen atom or saturatedor unsaturated alkoxyalkyl group having 2-20 carbon atoms which mayoptionally be substituted by halogen atom, provided that when s=1 andt=0, R² may be a protecting group for hydroxyl group; A¹, A² and A³ eachrepresents one of the following groups: ##STR3## in which i is aninteger of 0-4 and j and k are each an integer of 0-3; p and q are 0 or1, provided that when A¹ is a fused ring, p+q=0 or 1 and A² and A³ aresingle rings and when A¹ is a single ring, p+q=1 or 2, provided thatwhen p+q=2, A² and A³ are both single rings; Z is hydrogen atom orfluorine atom; n is an integer of 0-10; and m, r, s and t eachrepresents 0 or 1; a process for producing said trans-olefin compound; aliquid crystal composition containing said trans-olefin compound as atleast one of its active ingredients; and a liquid crystal element usingsaid liquid crystal composition.

Further, the present invention provides a ferroelectric liquid crystalcomposition containing at least one trans-olefin compound represented bythe general formula (1) and at least one compound represented by thefollowing general formula (A): ##STR4## wherein R^(a) represents alkyl,alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl group having 5-15 carbon atoms, and R^(b)represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms which mayoptionally be substituted by halogen atom or an alkoxyalkyl group having2-10 carbon atoms which may optionally be substituted by halogen atom,provided that when the consecutive methylene chains R^(a) and R^(b) mayoptionally be substituted by double bond or triple bond, c and dindependently represent an integer of 1 or greater, provided that c+d isequal to 3, e is an integer of 0-10, f, g and h are independently 0 or1, X^(a) is --COO-- or --OCO--, the hydrogen atoms of the benzene ringsmay optionally be substituted by fluorine atom, the mark * signifies anasymmetric carbon atom, and Z represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom,as indispensable ingredients; provided that, when none of the compoundsof general formula (1) and general formula (A) is optically active, saidferroelectric liquid crystal composition contains other optically activecompound.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is an outlined view illustrating one example of the displaydevice using the ferroelectric liquid crystal of the present invention,wherein:

1 - - - polarizing plate,

2 - - - glass substrate,

3 - - - transparent electrode,

4 - - - insulating oriented film,

5 - - - ferroelectric liquid crystal layer, and

6 - - - spacer.

FIG. 2 shows a pulse applied to a liquid crystal element for evaluatinga τ-V characteristic of a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition.

FIG. 3 shows the τ-V characteristic of a ferroelectric liquid crystalcomposition (4-a) of Example 171 at 25° C.

FIG. 4 shows the τ-V characteristic of a ferroelectric liquid crystalcomposition 5 of Example 172.

FIG. 5 shows the τ-V characteristic of a ferroelectric liquid crystalcomposition 6 of Example 173.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is explained below in more detail.

The trans-olefin compound (1) can be obtained by reacting a boroncompound represented by the general formula (2): ##STR5## wherein R², Z,n, r, s and t are as defined above and R³ represents hydroxyl group, astraight chain, branched chain or cyclic alkyl group or a straightchain, branched chain or cyclic alkoxy group, provided that the two R³may be combined with each other to form one ring or (R³)₂ takenconjointly may represent as a whole an optionally substituted benzodioxygroup, with a compound represented by the general formula (3):

    R.sup.1 --(O).sub.m --A.sup.1 --(A.sup.2).sub.p --(A.sup.3).sub.q --X(3)

wherein R¹, A¹, A², A³, m, p and q are as defined above and X representshalogen atom or --OSO₂ R' in which R' is a lower alkyl group which mayoptionally be substituted by fluorine atom or an optionally substitutedphenyl group, in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a basicsubstance.

The compound represented by the general formula (3) can be produced bythe following method: ##STR6## wherein R¹, A¹, A², A³, R', m, p and qare as defined above.

In the boron compound represented by the general formula (2), R³represents a straight chain, branched chain or cyclic alkyl group or astraight chain, branched chain or cyclic alkoxy group, provided that thetwo R³ groups may be combined with each other to form one ring. When(R³)₂ taken conjointly represents an optionally substituted benzodioxygroup, such a compound (2) can be obtained by reacting an acetylenecompound represented by the general formula (6): ##STR7## wherein R², Z,n, r, s and t are as defined above, with a boron compound represented bythe general formula (7):

    (R.sup.3').sub.2 BH                                        (7)

wherein R^(3') represents a straight chain, branched chain or cyclicalkyl group or a straight chain, branched chain or cyclic alkoxy group,provided that the two R^(3') groups may be combined with each other toform one ring or (R^(3'))₂ taken conjointly may represent an optionallysubstituted benzodioxy group.

Some of the acetylene compound (6) are optically active, and theseoptically active compounds can be synthesized from a racemic alcohol oran optically active alcohol. Said optically active alcohol can beprepared by an enzymatic resolution of a racemic alcohol, for example inthe following manner. If desired, R² can further be introducedthereinto. ##STR8## wherein R² represents a saturated or unsaturatedalkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms which may optionally be substitutedby halogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated alkoxyalkyl group having2-20 carbon atoms which may optionally be substituted by halogen atom,provided that, when s=1 and t=0, R² may be a protecting group forhydroxyl group, Z represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom, and n is aninteger of 0-10.

As examples of the boron compound (7), dialkylboranes such asdicyclohexylborane, dicyamylborane, diisopinocamphenylborane,9-borabicyclo 3,3,1!nonane and the like and dialkoxyboranes such ascatecholborane, diisopropyloxyborane, dimethoxyborane and the like canbe referred to.

In the above-mentioned reaction between acetylene compound (6) and boroncompound (7) for obtaining boron compound (2), the amount of boroncompound (7) is 0.5-10 equivalents and preferably 0.5-2 equivalents perequivalent of acetylene compound (6). When a reaction solvent is used,tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, dimethylformamide and the likecan be used as the solvent. The amount of the reaction solvent is notparticularly critical.

In this reaction, the reaction temperature is usually -20° to 150° C.,and preferably 0° to 100° C.

The compounds represented by the general formula (2) wherein R³ is ahydroxyl group can be obtained by reacting the above-mentioned acetylenecompound (6) and boron compound (7) to obtain a boron compound (2), andthen hydrolyzing the boron compound (2).

Compounds represented by general formula (2'): ##STR9## wherein R³, Z, nand r are as defined above and Y represents hydrogen atom or (R³)₂ B,can be obtained by reacting an acetylene compound of the followingformula: ##STR10## with a boron compound of the general formula (7). Byhydrolyzing the compound thus obtained, there is obtained a compoundrepresented by general formula (2') wherein R³ is hydroxyl group and Yis hydrogen atom.

In the reactions between the boron compound represented by the generalformulas (2) or (2') and the compound represented by the general formula(3) for obtaining a trans-olefin compound (1), the amount of the boroncompound (2) or (2') is usually 0.9-10 equivalents and preferably 1-2equivalents per equivalent of the compound (3).

As the metallic catalyst used in the above-mentioned reaction, palladiumtype catalysts such as palladium chloride, palladium acetate,palladium/carbon, triphenylphosphine-palladium complexes (for example,tetrakistriphenylphosphine-palladium anddichloroditriphenylphosphine-palladium) and the like can be referred to.Analogous catalysts of nickel type and rhodium type are also usable inthe reaction.

These metallic catalysts are used in an amount of 0.001-0.1 equivalentper equivalent of the starting compound (3).

In the reaction mentioned above, it is sometimes desirable to use atrivalent phosphorus compound or a trivalent arsenic compound as aco-catalyst. These compounds are represented by the following generalformula (8):

    R.sup.4 --(R.sup.5 --)M--R.sup.6                           (8)

wherein M represents phosphorus atom or arsenic atom and R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶,identical or different, each represents alkyl group, aryl group, alkoxygroup, aryloxy group or halogen atom. Concrete examples of thephosphorus compound and arsenic compound include tri-n-butylphosphine,triphenylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine, tri-o-tolyl phosphite,phosphorus trichloride, triphenylarsenic and the like.

The phosphorus compound and arsenic compound are used in an amount of0.5-50 equivalents and preferably 10-30 equivalents per equivalent ofthe above-mentioned metallic catalyst.

As said basic substance, carbonates, carboxylates, alkoxides andhydroxides of alkali metals and organic bases such as triethylamine,diisopropylethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, tetramethylethylenediamine,dimethylaniline and the like can be used, among which hydroxides such assodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like and alkoxides such assodium ethoxide, sodium methoxide and the like are preferable.

The basic substance is used in an amount of 1-5 equivalents perequivalent of compound (3), usually. If desired, acetonitrile,tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphorylamide,N-methylpyrrolidone, benzene, toluene or the like may be used as areaction solvent.

The amount of the reaction solvent is not particularly critical.

In this reaction, the reaction temperature is usually from -20° C. to190° C., and preferably from 40° C. to 150° C.

After the reaction, compound (1) can be isolated by conventional meanssuch as extraction, distillation, recrystallization, columnchromatography, etc.

When R² is hydrogen atom, s=1 and t=0, the trans-olefin compound (1)obtained by the above-mentioned reaction is represented by the followingstructural formula (1"): ##STR11## wherein R¹ represents a saturated orunsaturated alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms or a saturated orunsaturated alkoxyalkyl group having 2-20 carbon atoms and, when m=1,represents a protecting group for hydroxyl group, too, and A¹, A², A³,Z, m, n, p, q and r are as defined above.

By reacting this compound with a carboxylic acid compound represented bythe following general formula (4):

    R.sup.2 COR"                                               (4)

wherein R² represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1-20carbon atoms which may optionally be substituted by halogen atom or asaturated or unsaturated alkoxyalkyl group having 2-20 carbon atomswhich may optionally be substituted by halogen atom and R" representshydroxyl group, OCOR² or halogen atom, there can be obtained an estercompound represented by the general formula (1) wherein s and t are bothequal to 1.

Apart from the above, an ether compound represented by the generalformula (1) wherein s=1 and t=0 can be obtained by reacting the compound(1") with an alkylating agent represented by the general formula (5):

    R.sup.2 --X                                                (5)

wherein R² and X are as defined above.

Next, the reactions mentioned above will be explained in more detail.

In the reaction between trans-olefin compound (1") and carboxylic acidcompound (4), as the carboxylic acid compound (4), carboxylic acidshaving an alkyl group represented by R², acid anhydrides thereof, andacid halides such as acid chlorides and acid bromides can be used. Saidcarboxylic acid compound may be any of racemic mixture and opticallyactive isomers.

When a solvent is used in the above reaction, the solvents usable arethose inert to the reaction such as ethers, ketones, aliphatic andaromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, aprotic polar solventsand the like. Concrete examples of the solvent include tetrahydrofuran,ethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, benzene,chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbontetrachloride, dimethylformamide, hexane and the like. These solventsmay be used either singly or in the form of mixture. The amount of thesolvent is not particularly critical.

When an acid anhydride or an acid halide of aliphatic carboxylic acid isused in the above reaction, the amount of the acid anhydride or acidhalide must be at least one equivalent per equivalent of thetrans-olefin compound (1"). Although upper limit of its amount is notcritical, the upper limit is preferably 1.1-4 equivalents.

As the catalyst, organic and inorganic basic substances such asdimethylaminopyridine, 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, triethylamine,tri-n-butylamine, pyridine, picoline, collidine, imidazole, sodiumcarbonate, sodium methylate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and the likecan be used.

Further, organic and inorganic acids such as toluenesulfonic acid,methanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid and the like are also usable as thecatalyst.

When an acid halide of carboxylic acid is used as the starting compound,pyridine or triethylamine is preferably used as the catalyst.

Although the amount of the catalyst is dependent on the kind of the acidanhydride or acid halide of carboxylic acid and combination withcatalyst and cannot be specified particularly, the amount of catalystis, for example, at least one equivalent per equivalent of acid halide,when acid halide is used.

When a carboxylic acid is used in the above reaction, the carboxylicacid can be obtained also by carrying out a dehydrating condensationusing 1-2 equivalents of carboxylic acid with one equivalent oftrans-olefin compound (1") in the presence of a condensing agent.

As said condensing agent, carbodiimides such asN,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide,N-cyclohexyl-N'-(4-diethylamino)-cyclohexylcarbodiimide and the like arepreferred. If desired, an organic base such as 4-diethylaminopyridine,4-pyrrolidinopyridine, pyridine, triethylamine and the like is also usedin combination therewith.

The condensing agent is used in an amount of 1-1.5 equivalents perequivalent of carboxylic acid. When an organic base is used incombination, the amount of the organic base is 0.01-0.2 equivalent perequivalent of the condensing agent.

The reaction temperature is usually -30° to 100° C. and preferably 0° to80° C.

The reaction time is not critical, and the point in time when thestarting compound (1") has disappeared may be taken as end point of thereaction.

After the reaction, the trans-olefin compound (1) wherein s and t are 1can be obtained in a high yield by conventional separating means such asextraction, phase separation, concentration and the like. If desired,the product may be purified by column chromatography, recrystallizationor the like.

Next, the reaction between trans-olefin compound (1") and alkylatingagent (5) for obtaining an ether compound represented by general formula(1) wherein s=1 and t=0 will be explained.

The term "alkylating agent" used herein means a halide or a sulfonicacid ester both having a substituent R², which can be produced from thecorresponding alcohol according to well known methods.

The substituent R² in the alkylating agent may be an optically activeresidue.

This reaction is carried out usually in the presence of a basicsubstance. Although the alkylating agent may be used in an arbitraryamount so far as not smaller than one equivalent per equivalent oftrans-olefin compound (1"), the amount is usually in the range of 1-5equivalents.

The reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a solvent. Thesolvents usable are those inert to the reaction such as ethers, ketones,aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, aproticpolar solvents and the like. These solvents may be used either singly orin the form of mixture. Concrete examples of the solvent includetetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene,benzene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform,carbon tetrachloride, hexane, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide,hexamethylphosphorylamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like. The amountof the solvent is not critical.

As the basic substance, for example, alkali metal hydrides such assodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like, alkali metals such aslithium, sodium, potassium and the like, alkali metal alcoholates suchas sodium ethylate, sodium methylate and the like, alkali metalcarbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and the like,butyllithium, and the like can be used.

Said basic substance must be used in an amount of at least oneequivalent per equivalent of trans-olefin compound (1"). Although upperlimit of its amount is not critical, the upper limit is usually 1.1-5equivalents.

The reaction temperature is usually -50° to 120° C., and preferably -30°to 100° C.

The reaction time is not particularly critical, and the point in timewhen the starting compound (1") has disappeared may be taken as endpoint of the reaction.

After the reaction, the objective trans-olefin compound of generalformula (1) wherein s=1 and t=0 can be isolated from the reactionmixture by conventional separating means such as extraction, phaseseparation, concentration or the like. If desired, the product may bepurified by column chromatography, recrystallization or the like.

In the alkylating reaction, when substituent X of the alkylating agentis an iodine atom, silver oxide may be used in place of theabove-mentioned basic substance.

In this case, the silver oxide must be used in an amount of at least oneequivalent per equivalent of trans-olefin compound (1"). Although theupper limit is not critical, it is preferably used in an amount of atleast 3 equivalents.

When the alkylating reaction is carried out in the presence of silveroxide, the alkylating agent in which substituent X is iodine atom may beused in an arbitrary amount so far as not smaller than one equivalentper equivalent of starting compound (1"), and preferably in an amount of2-10 equivalents.

As the reaction solvent, an excessive amount of alkylating agent inwhich the substituent is iodine atom can be used as the solvent. Apartfrom it, solvents inert to the reaction such as tetrahydrofuran, ethylether, dioxane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, toluene, hexaneor the like may be used either singly or in the form of mixture.

The reaction temperature is usually 0°-150° C., and preferably 20°-100°C.

The reaction time is usually from one hour to 20 days.

From the reaction mixture, the trans-olefin compound (1) wherein s=1 andt=0 can be isolated by filtering off the silver salt and subjecting thefiltrate to conventional after-treatments such as extraction, phaseseparation, concentration and the like.

If desired, the product may be purified by column chromatography or thelike.

In the descriptions presented above, the method for obtainingtrans-olefin compound (1) from compound (1") has been explained.

As examples of the substituent R² in the carboxylic acid compounds andalkylating agents used herein, the following can be referred to:

methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl,hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl,tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl,eicosyl, cyclopropyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl,2-heptenyl, 2-octenyl, 2-nonenyl, 2-decenyl, 3-decenyl, 2-undecenyl,2-dodecenyl, 2-tridecenyl, 2-tetradecenyl, 2-pentadecenyl,2-hexadecenyl, 2-heptadecenyl, 2-octadecenyl, 2-nonadecenyl,2-eicosenyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl,2-heptynyl, 2-octynyl, 2-nonynyl, 2-decynyl, 2-undecynyl, 2-dodecynyl,2-tridecynyl, 2-tetradecynyl, 2-pentadecynyl, 2-hexadecynyl,2-heptadecynyl, 2-octadecynyl, 2-nonadecynyl, 2-eicosynyl,methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, methoxybutyl, methoxypentyl,methoxyhexyl, methoxyheptyl, methoxyoctyl, methoxynonyl, methoxydecyl,ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, ethoxybutyl, ethoxypentyl,ethoxyhexyl, ethoxyheptyl, ethoxyoctyl, ethoxynonyl, ethoxydecyl,propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl, propoxypropyl, propoxybutyl, propoxypentyl,propoxyhexyl, propoxyheptyl, propoxyoctyl, propoxynonyl, propoxydecyl,butoxybutoxymethyl, butoxyethyl, butoxypropyl, butoxybutyl,butoxypentyl, butoxyhexyl, butoxyheptyl, butoxyoctyl, butoxynonyl,butoxydecyl, pentyloxymethyl, pentyloxyethyl, pentyloxypropyl,pentyloxybutyl, pentyloxypentyl, pentyloxyhexyl, pentyloxyoctyl,pentyloxynonyl, pentyloxydecyl, hexyloxymethyl, hexyloxyethyl,hexyloxypropyl, hexyloxybutyl, hexyloxypentyl, hexyloxyhexyl,hexyloxyheptyl, hexyloxyoctyl, hexyloxynonyl, hexyloxydecyl,heptyloxymethyl, heptyloxyethyl, heptyloxypropyl, heptyloxybutyl,heptyloxypentyl, heptyloxyhexyl, heptyloxyheptyl, heptyloxyoctyl,heptyloxynonyl, heptyloxydecyl, octyloxymethyl, octyloxyethyl,octyloxypropyl, octyloxybutyl, octyloxypentyl, octyloxyhexyl,octyloxyheptyl, octyloxynonyl, octyloxyoctyl, decyloxymethyl,decyloxyethyl, decyloxypropyl, decyloxybutyl, decyloxypentyl,decyloxyhexyl, decyloxyheptyl, 2-propenyloxymethyl, 2-butenyloxymethyl,3-butenyloxymethyl, 2-pentenyloxymethyl, 2-hexenyloxymethyl,3-hexenyloxymethyl, 2-heptenyloxymethyl, 2-octenyloxymethyl,2-nonenyloxymethyl, 2-decenyloxymethyl, 3-decenyloxymethyl,2-undecenyloxymethyl, 2-dodecenyloxymethyl, 2-tridecenyloxymethyl,2-tetradecenyloxymethyl, 2-pentadecenyloxymethyl,2-hexadecenyloxymethyl, 2-heptadecenyloxymethyl, 2-octadecenyloxymethyl,2-nonadecenyloxymethyl, 2-eicosenyloxymethyl, 1-methylethyl,1-methylpropyl, 1-methylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1-methylhexyl,1-methylheptyl, 1-methyloctyl, 1-methylnonyl, 1-methyldecyl,2-methylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 2-methylhexyl,2-methylheptyl, 2-methyloctyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,3,3-trimethylbutyl,3-methylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, 2,4-dimethylpentyl,2,3,3,4-tetramethylpentyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,5-dimethylhexyl,2-trifluoromethylpropyl, 2-trifluoromethylbutyl,2-trifluoromethylpentyl, 2-trifluoromethylhexyl,2-trifluoromethylheptyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl,3-fluoro-2-methylpropyl, 2,3-difluoropropyl, 2-fluorobutyl,3-fluorobutyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 2,3-difluorobutyl, 2,4-difluorobutyl,3,4-difluorobutyl, 2-fluoro-3-methylbutyl, 2-fluoro-3,3-dimethylbutyl,2-fluoropentyl, 3-fluoropentyl, 4-fluoropentyl, 5-fluoropentyl,2,4-difluoropentyl, 2,5-difluoropentyl, 2-fluoro-3-methylpentyl,2-fluoro-4-methylpentyl, 2-fuoro-3-monofluoromethyl-4-methylpentyl,2-fluorohexyl, 3-fluorohexyl, 4-fluorohexyl, 5-fluorohexyl,6-fluorohexyl, 2-fluoroheptyl, 2-fluorooctyl and the like, providedthat, in the examples mentioned above, the expression "fluoro" may beread "chloro" and "bromo".

As for carboxylic acid compounds, fluoromethyl, 1-fluoroethyl,1-fluoropropyl, 1-fluorobutyl, 1-fluoropentyl, 1-fluorohexyl,1-fluoroheptyl, 1-fluorooctyl and the like can also be referred to inaddition to the above-mentioned examples, provided that, in theabove-mentioned examples, the expression "fluoro" may be read "chloro"and "bromo".

These alkyl groups and some of the alkoxyalkyl groups form a straightchain, a branched chain or a ring. In the case of branched chain andring, they may be optically active.

Some of the optically active carboxylic acid compounds havingsubstituent R² mentioned above are obtained by oxidation of thecorresponding alcohol or a reductive de-amination of amino acid, andsome of them can be derived from the optically active amino acids andoptically active oxy acids mentioned below which are produced in thenatural world or obtained by optical resolution.

Some of the optically active alkylating agents having substituent R² caneasily be produced from the corresponding alcohols. Some of thesealcohols can be obtained by an asymmetric reduction of the correspondingketone using an asymmetric metallic catalyst or a microorganism or anenzyme. Further, some of them are produced in the natural world or canbe derived from optically active amino acids or optically active oxyacids obtained by optical resolution, such as those mentioned below:

alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine,allothreonine, homoserine, alloisoleucine, tert-leucine, 2-aminobutyricacid, norvaline, norleucine, ornithine, lysine, hydroxylysine,phenylglycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, mandelic acid, tropic acid,3-hydroxylbutyric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, isopropylmalic acidand the like.

As examples of R¹, the following can be referred to:

methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl,hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl,tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl,eicosyl, cyclopropyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl,2-heptenyl, 2-octenyl, 2-nonenyl, 2-decenyl, 3-decenyl, 2-undecenyl,2-dodecenyl, 2-tridecenyl, 2-tetradecenyl, 2-pentadecenyl,2-hexadecenyl, 2-heptadecenyl, 2-octadecenyl, 2-nonadecenyl,2-eicosenyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl,2-heptynyl, 2-octynyl, 2-nonynyl, 2-decynyl, 2-undecynyl, 2-dodecynyl,2-tridecynyl, 2-tetradecynyl, 2-pentadecynyl, 2-hexadecynyl,2-heptadecynyl, 2-octadecynyl, 2-nonadecynyl, 2-eicosynyl,methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, methoxybutyl, methoxypentyl,methoxyhexyl, methoxyheptyl, methoxyoctyl, methoxynonyl, methoxydecyl,ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, ethoxybutyl, ethoxypentyl,ethoxyhexyl, ethoxyheptyl, ethoxyoctyl, ethoxynonyl, ethoxydecyl,propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl, propoxypropyl, propoxybutyl, propoxypentyl,propoxyhexyl, propoxyheptyl, propoxyoctyl, propoxynonyl, propoxydecyl,butoxybutoxymethyl, butoxyethyl, butoxypropyl, butoxybutyl,butoxypentyl, butoxyhexyl, butoxyheptyl, butoxyoctyl, butoxynonyl,butoxydecyl, pentyloxymethyl, pentyloxyethyl, pentyloxypropyl,pentyloxybutyl, pentyloxypentyl, pentyloxyhexyl, pentyloxyoctyl,pentyloxynonyl, pentyloxydecyl, hexyloxymethyl, hexyloxyethyl,hexyloxypropyl, hexyloxybutyl, hexyloxypentyl, hexyloxyhexyl,hexyloxyheptyl, hexyloxyoctyl, hexyloxynonyl, hexyloxydecyl,heptyloxymethyl, heptyloxyethyl, heptyloxypropyl, heptyloxybutyl,hexyloxypentyl, heptyloxyhexyl, heptyloxyheptyl, heptyloxyoctyl,heptyloxynonyl, heptyloxydecyl, octyloxymethyl, octyloxyethyl,octyloxypropyl, octyloxybutyl, octyloxypentyl, octyloxyhexyl,octyloxyheptyl, octyloxynonyl, octyloxyoctyl, decyloxymethyl,decyloxyethyl, decyloxypropyl, decyloxybutyl, decyloxypentyl,decyloxyhexyl, decyloxyheptyl, 2-propenyloxymethyl, 2-butenyloxymethyl,3-butenyloxymethyl, 2-pentenyloxymethyl, 2-hexenyloxymethyl,3-hexenyloxymethyl, 2-heptenyloxymethyl, 2-octenyloxymethyl,2-nonenyloxymethyl, 2-decenyloxymethyl, 3-decenyloxymethyl,2-undecenyloxymethyl, 2-dodecenyloxymethyl, 2-tridecenyloxymethyl,2-tetradecenyloxymethyl, 2-pentadecenyloxymethyl,2-hexadecenyloxymethyl, 2-heptadecenyloxymethyl, 2-octadecenyloxymethyl,2-nonadecenyloxymethyl, 2-eicosenyloxymethyl, 1-methylethyl,1-methylpropyl, 1-methylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1-methylhexyl,1-methylheptyl, 1-methyloctyl, 1-methylnonyl, 1-methyldecyl,2-methylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 2-methylhexyl,2-methylheptyl, 2-methyloctyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,3,3-trimethylbutyl,3-methylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, 2,4-dimethylpentyl,2,3,3,4-tetramethylpentyl, 3-methylhexyl and 2,5-dimethylhexyl.

When R¹ and R² are protecting groups of hydroxyl group, theabove-mentioned groups exemplifying R¹ and R² can be used as theprotecting groups. In addition, those groups which are conventionallyused for protection of hydroxyl group are also usable for the purpose.As examples of such protecting group, the following can be referred to:

aliphatic acyl groups such as acetyl, propionyl, butyryl and pentyrylwhich may optionally be substituted by halogen atom such as fluorineatom, chlorine atom and bromine atom or by alkoxy group such as methoxy,ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy;

benzoyl group which may optionally be substituted by halogen atom suchas fluorine atom, chlorine atom and bromine atom, or by alkyl group suchas methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, or by alkoxy group such as methoxy,ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy, or by nitro group, or by cyano group;

benzyl group which may optionally be substituted by halogen atom such asfluorine atom, chlorine atom and bromine atom, or by alkyl group such asmethyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, or by alkoxy group such as methoxy,ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy, or by nitro group, or by cyano group;

trialkylsilyl group, dialkylphenylsilyl group, alkyldiphenylsilyl group,triphenylsilyl group, aralkyldialkylsilyl group, diaralkylalkylsilylgroup and triaralkylsilyl group such as trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl,triisopropylsilyl, dimethylisopropylsilyl, diethylisopropylsilyl,dimethylhexylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, dimethylbenzylsilyl,methyldibenzylsilyl, tribenzylsilyl, dimethylbutylsilyl,t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl, methyldiphenylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl,triphenylsilyl and t-p-xylylsilyl, provided that the phenyl and aralkylgroups in the above-mentioned groups may optionally be substituted byhalogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group or the like; and

ether groups including tetrahydropyranyl group, tetrahydrofuranyl groupand 1-(alkoxy)-alkyl groups such as methoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl andpropoxyethyl, which may optionally be substituted by halogen atom oralkoxy group.

When the protecting group is R¹ or R², the de-protection can be effectedin the following manner. The method of de-protection may be selectedfrom a few ones depending on the kind of protecting group.

When R¹ is an ester-forming group such as aliphatic acyl group orbenzoyl group, the de-protection can be effected by hydrolyzing theester linkage with an inorganic or organic acid such as hydrochloricacid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or toluenesulfonic acid or with analkali such as caustic soda or caustic potash. The amount of the acid oralkali is as follows. Thus, when an alkali is used, it is used in anamount not smaller than 1-10 moles, and when an acid is used, it is usedin an amount of 0.01-30 moles, per mole of the ester. As the solvent,alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, and polar solvents suchas tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, water and dimethyl sulfoxide are used.

When R¹ O or R² O forms an ether linkage, acids such as acetic acid,trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromicacid and boron trifluoride can be used in addition to the acidsmentioned above, although bases such as lithium hydroxide and the likeare also usable. When R¹ and R² are benzyl groups, the de-protection canbe effected by a reductive treatment in the case of some compounds.

When the protecting group is a silyl group, the same acids as mentionedabove can be used, in addition to which fluoride anion-containingde-silylating agents such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, cesiumfluoride, potassium fluoride and the like can be used for deprotectingthe hydroxyl group.

Among the present compounds represented by the general formula (1),

the compounds wherein r, s and t are 0,

the compounds wherein at least one of the rings A¹, A² and A³ has afluorine atom,

the compounds wherein the rings A¹, A₂ and A³ have no fluorine atom,

the compounds wherein one of the rings A¹, A² and A³ is2,3-difluorophenylene group, and

the compounds wherein one of the rings A¹, A² and A³ is2,3-difluorophenylene group and r, s and t are 0 or the like arepreferable.

Further, the trans-olefin compounds represented by the general formula(1), wherein, when r=1, p+q=1 and A¹ is a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, A²and A³ each represents one of the following groups: ##STR12## and i isan integer of 1-4 and j and k are each an integer of 0-3, and when r=1,p+q=1 and A² or A³ represents pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, A¹ representsone of the following groups: ##STR13## and i is an integer of 1-4 and jand k are each an integer of 0-3 are also preferable.

Among the compounds represented by the general formula (1), as a liquidcrystal composition exhibiting smectic phase, preferred are those inwhich R¹ is a straight chain alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group having 3-12carbon atoms. When the compound represented by the general formula (1)is optically active, R¹ may be the same ones as the above, in additionto which alkenyl, alkenyloxyalkyl and alkyloxyalkenyl groups having 3-12carbon atoms are also usable.

Any one of A¹, A² and A³ is preferably pyrimidin-2,5-diyl group,pyridin-1,4-diyl group, 1,4-phenylene 2,5-diyl group, pyridin-1,4-diylgroup, 1,4-phenylene group, 2,3-difluophenyl-1,4-ene group,2-fluorophenyl-1,4-ene group or 3-fluorophenyl-1,4-ene group, or form anaphthalene ring, a quinoxaline ring or a quinoline ring.

When r=0, the sum of carbon numbers of --(CH₂)_(n) -- and R² ispreferably from 3 to 10. When r=1, n is preferably from 1 to 7, and R²is preferably an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkylgroup having 2-10 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom.

Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) arementioned below.

4'-alkyl-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4"-alkyl-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)naphthalene,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

5-alkyl-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-{4-(6-hydroxy-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-{4-(6-hydroxy-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxypyhenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-(4'-6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-5-{4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-5-{4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-5-alkyl-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-5-alkyl-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-5-alkyl-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-5-alkyl-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-5-alkyloxy-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-5-alkyloxy-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-5-alkyloxy-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)biphenyl-4-yl}-5-alkyloxy-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy)-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-5-{4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyl-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-5-{4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-alkyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridin-2-yl}-5-(4-alkylphenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridin-2-yl}-5-(4-alkylphenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridin-2-yl}-5-(4-alkylphenyl)-pyrimidine

2-{5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine-2-yl}-5-(4-alkylphenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridin-2-yl}-5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridin-2-yl}-5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridin-2-yl}-5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridin-2-yl}-5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{5-alkyl-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-alkyl-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-alkyl-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-alkyl-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-alkyloxy-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-alkyloxy-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-alkyloxy-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-alkyloxy-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-alkylpyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-alkylpyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-alkylpyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-alkylpyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-alkyloxypyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-alkyloxypyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-alkyloxypyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-alkyloxypyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-hepteny)-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrazine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrazine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrazine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrazine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrazine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrazine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrazine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkenyl-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkenyl-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-3-{4-(6-alkenyl-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkylphenyl)-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-3-{4-(6-alkenyl-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

2-alkyl-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

6-alkyl-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-alkyl-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-alkyl-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-alkyl-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-alkyl-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

7-alkyl-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-alkyl-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-alkyl-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-alkyl-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-alkyl-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-alkyloxy-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-alkyloxy-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-alkyloxy-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-alkyloxy-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

2-alkyl-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

6-alkyl-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinazoline,

6-alkyl-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

6-alkyl-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

6-alkyl-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinazoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(6-alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(6-alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(6-alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(6-alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-(alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-phenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-phenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-phenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-phenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-phenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-phenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-phenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-phenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-phenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-phenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-phenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-phenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-phenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-phenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-phenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-phenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

5-alkyl-5-{6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-5-{6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-5-{6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-5-{6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-5-{6-(1-trans-alkeny)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-5-{6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-5-{6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-5-{6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(6-alkyl-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(6-alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(6-alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(6-alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(6-alkyloxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

3-alkyl-7-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

3-alkyl-7-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

3-alkyl-7-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

3-alkyl-7-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

3-alkyloxy-7-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

3-alkyloxy-7-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl!-quinoxaline,

3-alkyloxy-7-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

3-alkyloxy-7-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkylphenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkylphenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkylphenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkylphenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-hetenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkylphenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkylphenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkylphenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkylphenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-quinazoline,

4'-alkyl-2-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-2-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-2-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-2-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-3-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-3-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-3-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-3-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-2-fluoro-4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-2-fluoro-4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-2-fluoro-4'-(6-alkoxy-1-transheptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-2-fluoro-4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-3-fluoro-4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-3-fluoro-4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-3-fluoro-4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-3-fluoro-4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl}-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl}-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl}-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyloxy-3-fluoropheny}-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

4"-alkyl-2-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-3-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-3-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-3-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-3-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-2-fluoro-4"-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-2-fluoro-4"-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-2-fluoro-4"-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-2-fluoro-4"-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4"-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4"-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4"-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2-fluoro-4"-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-3-fluoro-4"-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-3-fluoro-4"-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-3-fluoro-4"-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-3-fluoro-4"-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4"-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4"-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-3-fluoro-4"-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-3-flluoro-4"-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2'-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2'-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2'-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2'-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2'-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2'-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2'-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2'-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-3'-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-3'-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-3'-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-3'-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-3'-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-3'-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-3'-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-3'-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkykoxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-puridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine

5-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine

2-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fuorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-hepteny)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine

5-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine

5-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine

2-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine

2-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fuorophenyl}-pyridine

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fuorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fuorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fuorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fuorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkykloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkykloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkykloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fuorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fuorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fuorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fuorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-alky-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alky-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alky-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alky-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinzoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

4'-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene

2-{4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

4"-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4"-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4"-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4"-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyl-2,3-difluoro-4"-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4"-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4"-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4"-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4"-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2',3'-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2',3'-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2',3'-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyl-2',3'-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-alkyl-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine

5-alkyloxy-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-alkylphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-alkylphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine

2-alkyl-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyl-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-alkyloxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyl-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-alkyloxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyl-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-alkyloxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkylphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkylphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyl-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine

6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine

6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine

7-alkyl-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyl-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-alkyloxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyl-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline

6-alkyloxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline

2-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyl-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline

2-alkyloxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyl-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-alkyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

4'-hydroxy-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-naphthalene,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

5-hydroxy-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-5-{4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-5-{4'-hydroxyoxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-5-hydroxy-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-5-hydroxy-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-5-hydroxy-pyrimidine,

2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-5-hydroxy-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-5-{4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-5-{4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridin-2-yl}-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridin-2-yl}-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridin-2-yl}-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridin-2-yl}-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{5-hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{5-hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl}-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-hydroxypyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-hydroxypyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-hydroxypyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-{4-(5-hydroxypyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl}-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrazine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrazine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrazine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrazine,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridazine,

2-hydroxy-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

6-hydroxy-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-hydroxy-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-hydroxy-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-hydroxy-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-hydroxy-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-hydroxy-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

2-hydroxy-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

6-hydroxy-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinazoline,

6-hydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

6-hydroxy-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

6-hydroxy-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-1-yl}-pyridine,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

5-hydroxy-5-{6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-5-{6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-5-{6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-5-{6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene-2-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(6-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

3-hydroxy-7-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

3-hydroxy-7-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

3-hydroxy-7-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

3-hydroxy-7-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-quinazoline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-quinazoline,

4'-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-{4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl}-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl}-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl}-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

4"-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4"-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4"-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4"-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4"-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4"-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4"-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4"-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-4"-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2'-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2'-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2'-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2'-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-3'-fluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-3'-fluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-3'-fluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-3'-fluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxyoxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxyoxy-6-{4-(1-trans-akenyl)-2-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-3-fluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

4'-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4'-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-biphenyl,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-naphthalene

2-{4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene

2-{4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene,

2-{4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl}-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-naphthalene

4"-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4"-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4"-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4"-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4-hydroxy-2,3-difluoro-4"-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2',3'-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2',3'-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2',3'-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

4"-hydroxy-2',3'-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-p-terphenyl,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridine,

5-hydroxy-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine

5-hydroxy-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-hydroxy-2-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

2-hydroxy-5-{4'-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4'-hydroxy-2',3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyrimidine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(1-trans-alkenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-pyridazine,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline

7-hydroxy-3-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(1-trans-alkenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

3-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline

3-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-7-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-isoquinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinoxaline

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline,

6-hydroxy-2-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinoxaline

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(1-trans-alkenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline,

2-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-6-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-quinoxaline

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(1-trans-alkenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline,

2-hydroxy-6-{4-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl}-quinazoline

2-(1-trans-alkenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline

2-(6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline,

2-(6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-quinazoline;

and the compounds in which the substituent (6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)group of the above-mentioned compounds is replaced by one of3-hydroxy-1-trans-butenyl group, 4-hydroxy-1-trans-pentenyl group,5-hydroxy-1-trans-hexenyl group, 6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl group,7-hydroxy-1-trans-octenyl group, 8-hydroxy-1-trans-nonenyl group,9-hydroxy-1-trans-decenyl group, 10-hydroxy-1-trans-undecenyl group and11-hydroxy-1-trans-dodecenyl group;

and the compounds in which the substituent (6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)group of the above-mentioned compounds is replaced by one of3-alkoxy-1-trans-butenyl group, 4-alkoxy-1-trans-pentenyl group,5-alkoxy-1-trans-hexenyl group, 6-alkoxy-1-trans-heptenyl group,7-alkoxy-1-trans-octenyl group, 8-alkoxy-1-trans-nonenyl group,9-alkoxy-1-trans-decenyl group, 10-alkoxy-1-trans-undecenyl group and11-alkoxy-1-trans-dodecenyl group;

and the compounds in which the substituent (6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)group of the above-mentioned compounds is replaced by one of3-acyloxy-1-trans-butenyl group, 4-acyloxy-1-trans-pentenyl group,5-acyloxy-1-trans-hexenyl group, 6-acyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl group,7-acyloxy-1-trans-octenyl group, 8-acyloxy-1-trans-nonenyl group,9-acyloxy-1-trans-decenyl group, 10-acyloxy-1-trans-undecenyl group and11-acyloxy-1-trans-dodecenyl group;

and the compounds in which the hydroxyl group of the hydroxylgroup-carrying members of the above-mentioned compounds is protected bya protecting group;

and, as for optically active members among the above-mentionedcompounds, the compounds in which the alkyl group and the alkyloxy groupis replaced by, respectively, an alkenyl group and an alkenyloxy group;

provided that, in the compound names presented above, the terms alkyl,alkenyl and alkoxy mean those having 1-20 carbon atoms, and the termacyloxy group means those having 1-19 carbon atoms.

In preparing a liquid crystal composition from a trans-olefin compoundrepresented by the general formula (1), the compound to be mixed may beany of optically inactive compound and optically active compound. Eitherone of them or both of them may be mixed into the composition. Althoughthe mixing ratio is not critical unless the liquid crystal phase isgreatly deteriorated, a compound having no liquid crystal phase shouldpreferably be mixed in an amount of 20% by mole or less, if such acompound is used.

Among the ingredients constituting the ferroelectric liquid crystalcomposition of the present invention, the optically inactive compoundsto be mixed into the composition are, for example, as follows: ##STR14##wherein R^(c) and R^(d) represent alkyl, alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl grouphaving 1-20 carbon atoms, and the compounds represented by the generalformula (A) wherein f=0.

As the optically active compounds, the compounds represented by thegeneral formula (A) wherein f=1 can be referred to, in addition to whichthe compounds represented by the following formula can also be used:##STR15## wherein R^(e) represents alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atomsor alkoxyalkyl group having 2-20 carbon atoms, R^(f) represents asaturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms which mayoptionally be substituted by halogen atom, a saturated or unsaturatedalkoxyalkyl group having 2-20 carbon atoms which may optionally besubstituted by halogen atom or a hydrogen atom, and B¹, B² and B³ eachrepresents the groups of the following formulas: ##STR16## wherein i' isan integer of 0-4; j' and k' are each an integer of 0-3; and p' and q'are 0 or 1, provided that, when B¹ is a fused ring, p'+q'=0 or 1 and B²,B³ are single rings, and when B¹ is a single ring, p'+q'=1 or 2,provided that when p'+q'=2, B² and B³ are both single rings; Z'represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom; n' is an integer of 0-10; andm', r', s' and t' each represents 0 or 1.

The liquid crystal element of the present invention can be utilized asvarious types of liquid crystal elements and display devices. Structureof the liquid crystal element of the invention is not particularlycritical. FIG. 1 outlines one example of the ferroelectric liquidcrystal element. In FIG. 1, 1 is polarizing plate, 2 is glass substrate,3 is transparent electrode, 4 is electrically insulating,orientation-controlling film, 5 is ferroelectric liquid crystal, and 6is spacer.

As an example of the liquid crystal element having a structure of FIG.1, the surface-stabilization type ferroelectric liquid crystaldisplaying device can be referred to. This type of display is soconstructed that two glass substrates 2 are placed in parallel with avery small gap to form a cell and a ferroelectric liquid crystal isfilled into the gap so that the normal line of the smectic phase layerbecomes parallel to the substrates.

Thickness of the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer 5 is dependent onlyon the gap between the two glass substrates 2 and the thicknesses of thetransparent electrode 3 and insulating oriented film 4, both provided onthe glass substrates in the direction of ferroelectric liquid crystallayer 5, and is usually in the range of from 0.5 to 20 μm, andpreferably from 1 to 5 μm.

The transparent electrode 3 is placed so as to cover the glass substrate2 of the liquid crystal layer side, and usually made of Indium-TinOxide, In₂ O₃, SnO₂ or the like. On the liquid crystal layer side 5 ofthe transparent electrode 3, the insulating oriented film 4 is provided.Although the oriented film may be used in itself alone when the orientedfilm itself has a sufficient insulating property, an insulating film maybe provided under the oriented films in order that both the filmsfunction as a whole as an insulating oriented film, if necessary.

As the oriented film, known film materials such as organic materials,inorganic materials, low molecular weight materials, high-polymericmaterials and the like can be used. As the high-polymeric material,polyimide, polyamide, polyamide-imide, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene,polyester, polyester-imide, and a variety of photoresist materials maybe used in accordance with need. When such a high-polymeric material isused as an oriented material, the orientation of liquid crystalmolecules can additionally be promoted by a rubbing treatment, namely byrubbing the surface of the oriented film in one direction with cottongauze, acetate-flocked cloth or the like, if desired.

As the insulating film, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide,silicon oxide, silicon nitride and the like can be used. The methods forforming these oriented film and insulating film may be selected in anoptimum manner in accordance with the materials used.

For example, when a high-polymeric material is used, the polymericmaterial or a precursor thereof is dissolved in a solvent capable ofdissolving these materials and then coated by the method of screenprinting, spinner coating, dip coating, or the like. When an inorganicmaterial is used, dipping method, vapor deposition method, slant vapordeposition method or the like may be adopted.

Although the thickness of said insulating oriented film is notparticularly limited, it is usually in the range of 1 nm to 20000 nm,and preferably from 2 nm to 100 nm. The two glass substrates 3 carryingthe insulating oriented film 4 and the transparent electrode 3 thereonare held at a prescribed distance through intermediation of spacer 6. Asthe spacer, a bead-form, fiber-form or film-form insulating materialhaving a prescribed diameter or thickness and made of silica, alumina ora high-polymeric material can be used. After putting spacer 6 betweentwo glass substrates 2 and sealing the circumference thereof with, forexample, an epoxy type binder or the like, a ferroelectric liquidcrystal can be sealed therein.

Outside the two glass substrates, one or two polarizing plates 1 areusually provided. FIG. 1 illustrates a case using two polarizing plates,in which the two polarizing plates are placed so that their polarizationaxes cross at a right angle, namely in the state of cross Nicol. Thetransparent electrode 3 is connected to the external driving circuit viaan appropriate lead wire.

The compounds of the present invention represented by the generalformula (1) have quite excellent properties as a liquid crystalmaterial. Further, these compounds are useful as intermediate not onlyof liquid crystal materials but also of pesticides, medical drugs, etc.According to the process of the present invention, the objectivetrans-olefin compounds can be obtained in a high selectivity. The liquidcrystal composition of the present invention are quite excellent inproperties, for example in that they have a broad liquid crystaltemperature range, and a liquid crystal element using said liquidcrystal composition is successfully usable as a display element, opticalshutter, and the like.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Next, the present invention is illustrated in more detail with referenceto the following non-limitative examples.

Example 1

After replacing the inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device and a thermometer with nitrogen gas, 3.85 g (40mmol) of 1-n-heptyne was introduced, and 2.4 g (20 mmol) ofcatecholborane was dropwise added thereto. After vigorously stirring thecontent of the flask at room temperature for one hour, the content wasreacted at 70° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled toambient temperature and the 1-n-heptyne remaining unreacted wasdistilled off under reduced pressure to obtainE-1-heptenylcatecholborane.

Apart from the above, inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device, a reflux condenser and a thermometer wasreplaced with nitrogen gas, and then the flask was charged with 5.0 g(13 mmol) of 5-decyloxy-2-(4-bromophenyl)-pyrimidine, 0.23 g (0.2 mmol)of tetrakis-triphenylphosphine-palladium, 2.4 g (60 mmol) of sodiumhydroxide and 60 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Subsequently, 50 ml of asolution prepared by dissolving 20 mmol of the above-obtainedE-1-heptenylcatecholborane in tetrahydrofuran was dropwise added theretoat room temperature. Then, the whole mixture was heated under refluxwith stirring for 6 hours. After cooling the reaction mixture to roomtemperature, 5 ml of 10% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and 2 mlof 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide were added, and theresulting mixture was stirred for one hour. The mixture was extractedwith ether, and the organic layer was twice washed with each 20 mlportion of saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off, and theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 4.5 g(yield 86%) of 5-decyloxy-2-{4-(1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine.##STR17## ¹ H-NMR revealed no presence of cis form at all.

Example 2

After replacing the inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device and a thermometer with nitrogen gas, 1.3 g (10mmol) of 1-nonyne was introduced, and 0.6 g (5 mmol) of catecholboranewas dropwise added thereto. After stirring the content of the flask atroom temperature for one hour, the content was reacted at 70° C. for 2hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and the1-nonyne remaining unreacted was distilled off under reduced pressure toobtain E-1-nonenylcatecholborane.

Apart from the above, inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device, a reflux condenser and a thermometer wasreplaced with nitrogen gas, and then the flask was charged with 1.4 g(3.3 mmol) of 5-bromo-2-(4-decyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-pyrimidine, 0.06g (0.05 mmol) of tetrakis-triphenylphosphine-palladium, 0.6 g (15 mmol)of sodium hydroxide and 15 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Subsequently, 13 ml ofa solution prepared by dissolving 5 mmol of the above-obtainedE-1-nonenylcatecholborane in tetrahydrofuran was dropwise added theretoat room temperature. Then, the whole mixture was heated under refluxwith stirring for 7 hours. After cooling the reaction mixture to roomtemperature, 3 ml of 10% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and 1 mlof 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide were added, and theresulting mixture was stirred for one hour. The mixture was extractedwith ether, and the organic layer was twice washed with each 10 mlportion of saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off, and theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 1.2 g(yield 78%) of2-(4-decyloxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)-5-(1-trans-nonenyl)-pyrimidine.##STR18##

Example 3

After replacing the inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device and a thermometer with nitrogen gas, 1.3 g (10mmol) of 1-nonyne was introduced, and 0.6 g (5 mmol) of catecholboranewas dropwise added thereto. After stirring the content of the flask atroom temperature for one hour, the content was reacted at 70° C. for 2hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and the1-nonyne remaining unreacted was distilled off under reduced pressure toobtain E-1-nonenylcatecholborane.

Apart from the above, inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device, a reflux condenser and a thermometer wasreplaced with nitrogen gas, and then the flask was charged with 1.6 g(3.3 mmol) of5-decyl-2-(2,3-difluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-sulfonyloxyphenyl)-pyrimidine,0.06 g (0.05 mmol) of tetrakis-triphenylphosphine-palladium, 0.6 g (15mmol) of sodium hydroxide and 15 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Subsequently, 13ml of a solution prepared by dissolving 5 mmol of the above-obtainedE-1-nonenylcatecholborane in tetrahydrofuran was dropwise added theretoat room temperature. Then, the whole mixture was heated under refluxwith stirring for 3 hours. After cooling the reaction mixture to roomtemperature, 3 ml of 10% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and 1 mlof 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide were added, and theresulting mixture was stirred for one hour. The mixture was extractedwith ether, and the organic layer was twice washed with each 10 mlportion of saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off, and theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 1.2 g(yield 79%) of5-decyl-2-{2,3-difluoro-4-(1-trans-nonenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine.##STR19##

Example 4

After replacing the inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device and a thermometer with nitrogen gas, 2.3 g (20mmol) of optically active 1-hydroxy-6-heptyne was introduced, and 4.8 g(40 mmol) of catecholborane was dropwise added thereto. After stirringthe content of the flask at room temperature for one hour, the contentwas reacted at 70° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled toambient temperature, 100 ml of water was added, the resulting mixturewas stirred at 20° C. for 2 hours and cooled to 0° C., and the resultingprecipitate was collected by filtration and twice washed with each 40 mlportion of water to obtain E-6-hydroxy-1-heptenyldihydroxyborane.

Apart from the above, inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device, a reflux condenser and a thermometer wasreplaced with nitrogen gas, and then the flask was charged with 6.6 g(17 mmol) of 5-decyloxy-2-(4-bromophenyl)-pyrimidine, 0.23 g (0.2 mmol)of tetrakis-triphenylphosphine-palladium, 2.4 g (60 mmol) of sodiumhydroxide and 60 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Subsequently, 50 ml of asolution prepared by dissolving 20 mmol of the above-obtainedE-6-hydroxy-1-heptenyldihydroxyborane in tetrahydrofuran was dropwiseadded thereto at room temperature. Then, the whole mixture was heatedunder reflux with stirring for 6 hours. After cooling the reactionmixture to room temperature, 5 ml of 10% aqueous solution of sodiumhydroxide and 2 ml of 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide wereadded, and the resulting mixture was stirred for one hour. The mixturewas extracted with ether, and the organic layer was twice washed witheach 20 ml portion of saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride anddried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off,and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography toobtain 5.9 g (yield 82%) of(-)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,α!_(D) ²⁰ =-1.2 (c=1.0, CHCl₃).

Example 5

At room temperature, 1.7 g (4 mmol) of the optically active(-)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidineobtained in Example 4, 20 ml of ethyl iodide and 2.8 g (12 mmol) ofsilver oxide were stirred for 60 hours, washed successively with 1Nhydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, anddried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.

The reaction mixture thus obtained was concentrated under reducedpressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography to obtain 0.92 g (yield 50%) of(-)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-ethoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,α!_(D) ²⁰ =-1.79 (c=1.0, CHCl₃). ##STR20##

Phase series of the saturated product of the above-mentioned compound,namely (-)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-ethoxyheptyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine was asfollows: ##STR21##

Example 6

A reactor was charged with 1.7 g (4 mmol) of the optically active(-)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl))-phenyl}-pyrimidine, 2g of triethylamine and 30 g of dichloromethane. Then, 0.6 g (6 mmol) ofpropionyl chloride was dropwise added thereto at a temperature notexceeding 10° C., and the resulting mixture was reacted first at 0°-10°C. for one hour and thereafter at 20°-30° C. for two hours. After thereaction, the reaction mixture was poured into ice water and separatedinto two phases. The organic layer was washed successively with 5%hydrochloric acid, water, 5% aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate andsaturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, then dried over magnesiumsulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of theresidue by silica gel column chromatography gave 1.7 g (yield 89%) of(+)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-propionyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,α!_(D) ²⁰ =+1.1 (c=1.0, CHCl₃).

Example 7

After replacing the inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device and a thermometer with nitrogen gas, 3.1 g (20mmol) of optically active 1-acetoxy-6-heptyne was introduced, and 2.64 g(22 mmol) of catecholborane was dropwise added thereto. After stirringthe content of the flask at room temperature for one hour, the contentwas reacted at 70° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled toambient temperature, and the catecholborane remaining unreacted wasdistilled off under reduced pressure. Thus, optically activeE-6-acetoxy-1-heptenylcatecholborane was obtained.

Apart from the above, inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device, a reflux condenser and a thermometer wasreplaced with nitrogen gas, and then the flask was charged with 6.6 g(17 mmol) of 5-decyloxy-2-(4-bromophenyl)-pyrimidine, 0.23 g (0.2 mmol)of tetrakis-triphenylphosphine-palladium, 2.4 g (60 mmol) of sodiumhydroxide and 60 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Subsequently, 50 ml of asolution prepared by dissolving 20 mmol of the above-obtainedE-6-acetoxy-1-heptenylcatecholborane in tetrahydrofuran was dropwiseadded thereto at room temperature. Then, the whole mixture was heatedunder reflux with stirring for 6 hours. After cooling the reactionmixture to room temperature, 5 ml of 10% aqueous solution of sodiumhydroxide and 2 ml of 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide wereadded, and the resulting mixture was stirred for one hour. The mixturewas extracted with ether, and the organic layer was twice washed witheach 20 ml portion of saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride anddried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off,and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography toobtain 6.5 g (yield 81%) of(+)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-acetoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,α!_(D) ²⁰ =+0.9 (c=1.0, CHCl₃).

Example 8

After replacing the inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device and a thermometer with nitrogen gas, 3.1 g (20mmol) of 1-acetoxy-6-heptyne was introduced, and 2.64 g (22 mmol) ofcatecholborane was dropwise added thereto. After stirring the content ofthe flask at room temperature for one hour, the content was reacted at70° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambienttemperature, and the catecholborane remaining unreacted was distilledoff under reduced pressure. Thus, E-6-acetoxy-1-heptenylcatecholboranewas obtained.

Apart from the above, inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device, a reflux condenser and a thermometer wasreplaced with nitrogen gas, and then the flask was charged with 6.2 g(17 mmol) of 5-octyloxy-2-(4-bromophenyl)-pyrimidine, 0.23 g (0.2 mmol)of tetrakis-triphenylphosphine-palladium, 2.4 g (60 mmol) of sodiumhydroxide and 60 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Subsequently, 50 ml of asolution prepared by dissolving 20 mmol of the above-obtainedE-6-acetoxy-1-heptenylcatecholborane in tetrahydrofuran was dropwiseadded thereto at room temperature. Then, the whole mixture was heatedunder reflux with stirring for 6 hours. After cooling the reactionmixture to room temperature, 5 ml of 10% aqueous solution of sodiumhydroxide and 2 ml of 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide wereadded, and the resulting mixture was stirred for one hour. The mixturewas extracted with ether, and the organic layer was twice washed witheach 20 ml portion of saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride anddried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off,and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography toobtain 6.0 g (yield 78%) of5-octyloxy-2-{4-(6-acetoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine.

Example 9

A mixture of 4.5 g (10 mmol) of the5-octyloxy-2-{4-(6-acetoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine, 140 mlof 0.3M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0), 2 ml of chloroform and 0.5 gof Genus Pseudomonas lipase was stirred at 30°-35° C. for 40 hours. Themixture was then extracted with 100 ml of toluene, and the organic layerwas washed with water and concentrated under reduced pressure.Separation of the residue thus obtained by silica gel columnchromatography gave 1.8 g (yield 46%) of(-)-5-octyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)phenyl}-pyrimidine (α!_(D) ²⁰ =-1.2 (c=1.0, CHCl₃)) and 2.3 g (yield 53%) of(-)-5-octyloxy-2-{4-(6-acetoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine.

Example 10

At room temperature, 1.6 g (4 mmol) of the(-)-5-octyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidineobtained in Example 9, 20 ml of ethyl iodide and 2.8 g (12 mmol) ofsilver oxide were stirred for 60 hours, washed successively with 1Nhydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, anddried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The reaction mixture thusobtained was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 0.76 g (yield43%) of(-)-5-octyloxy-2-{4-(6-ethoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,α!_(D) ²⁰ =-1.2 (c=0.95, CHCl₃).

Example 11

A reactor was charged with 1.6 g (4 mmol) of the(-)-5-octyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-heptyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine obtained inExample 9, 2 g of triethylamine and 30 g of dichloromethane, to whichwas dropwise added 0.6 g (6 mmol) of propionyl chloride at a temperaturenot exceeding 10° C. The mixture was reacted first at 0°-10° C. for onehour and thereafter at 20°-30° C. for 2 hours. After the reaction, thereaction mixture was poured into ice water, and the mixture thusobtained was separated into two phases. The organic layer was washedsuccessively with 5% hydrochloric acid, water, 5% aqueous solution ofsodium bicarbonate and saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride,dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure.Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography gave 1.6g (yield 85%) of(+)-5-octyloxy-2-{4-(6-propionyloxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,α!_(D) ²⁰ =+0.96 (c=1.1, CHCl₃).

Example 12

After replacing the inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device and a thermometer with nitrogen gas, 2.3 g (20mmol) of racemic 1-hydroxy-6-heptyne was introduced, and 4.8 g (40 mmol)of catecholborane was dropwise added thereto. After stirring the contentof the flask at room temperature for one hour, the content was reactedat 70° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambienttemperature, 100 ml of water was added and the whole mixture was stirredat 20° C. for 2 hours, cooled to 0° C. and filtered. The product waswashed twice with each 40 ml portion of water to obtainE-6-hydroxy-1-heptenyldihydroxyborane.

Apart from the above, inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device, a reflux condenser and a thermometer wasreplaced with nitrogen gas, and then the flask was charged with 6.6 g(17 mmol) of 5-decyloxy-2-(4-bromophenyl)-pyrimidine, 0.23 g (0.2 mmol)of tetrakis-triphenylphosphine-palladium, 2.4 g (60 mmol) of sodiumhydroxide and 60 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Subsequently, 50 ml of asolution prepared by dissolving 20 mmol of the above-obtainedE-6-hydroxy-1-heptenyldihydroxyborane in tetrahydrofuran was dropwiseadded thereto at room temperature. Then, the whole mixture was heatedunder reflux with stirring for 6 hours. After cooling the reactionmixture to room temperature, 5 ml of 10% aqueous solution of sodiumhydroxide and 2 ml of 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide wereadded, and the resulting mixture was stirred for one hour. The mixturewas extracted with ether, and the organic layer was twice washed witheach 20 ml portion of saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride anddried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off,and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography toobtain 5.9 g (yield 82%) of5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine.

A reactor was charged with 1.7 g (4 mmol) of the5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-heptenyl))-phenyl}-pyrimidine obtained above,2 g of triethylamine and 30 g of dichloromethane. Then, 0.5 g (6 mmol)of acetyl chloride was dropwise added thereto at a temperature notexceeding 10° C., and the resulting mixture was reacted first at 0°-10°C. for one hour and thereafter at 20°-30° C. for two hours. After thereaction, the reaction mixture was poured into ice water and separatedinto two phases. The organic layer was washed successively with 5%hydrochloric acid, water, 5% aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate andsaturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, dried over magnesiumsulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of theresidue by silica gel column chromatography gave 1.8 g (yield 98%) of5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-acetoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine.

Then, a mixture of 1.4 g (3 mmol) of the5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-acetoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine obtainedabove, 400 ml of 0.3M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0), 2 ml ofchloroform and 0.3 g of Genus Pseudomonas lipase was stirred at 30°-35°C. for 40 hours. The mixture was then extracted with 100 ml of toluene,and the organic layer was washed with water and concentrated underreduced pressure. Separation of the residue thus obtained by silica gelcolumn chromatography gave 0.56 g (yield 44%) of(-)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine and0.77 g (yield 55%) of(-)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-acetoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine.

Using the(-)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidineobtained above, the procedures of Examples 3 and 4 were repeated toobtain(-)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-ethoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine and(+)-5-decyloxy-2-{4-(6-acetoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,respectively.

Example 13

After replacing the inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device and a thermometer with nitrogen gas, 3.9 g (20mmol) of optically active 6-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-1-heptyne wasintroduced, and 2.9 g (24 mmol) of catecholborane was dropwise addedthereto. After stirring the content of the flask at room temperature forone hour, the content was reacted at 70° C. for 2 hours. By distillingoff the unreacted catecholborane, there was obtained optically activeE-6-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-1-heptenylcatecholborane.

Apart from the above, inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device, a reflux condenser and a thermometer wasreplaced with nitrogen gas, and then the flask was charged with 6.8 g(17 mmol) of 5-undecyloxy-2-(4-bromophenyl)-pyrimidine, 0.23 g (0.2mmol) of tetrakis-triphenylphosphine-palladium, 2.4 g (60 mmol) ofsodium hydroxide and 60 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Subsequently, 50 ml of asolution prepared by dissolving 20 mmol of the above-obtained opticallyactive E-6-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-1-heptenyldihydroxyborane intetrahydrofuran was dropwise added thereto at room temperature. Then,the whole mixture was heated under reflux with stirring for 6 hours.After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, 5 ml of 10%aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and 2 ml of 30% aqueous solution ofhydrogen peroxide were added, and the resulting mixture was stirred forone hour. The mixture was extracted with ether, and the organic layerwas twice washed with each 20 ml portion of saturated aqueous solutionof sodium chloride and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Thesolvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gelcolumn chromatography to obtain 7.1 g (yield 75%) of 5-undecyloxy-2-4-{6-(2-tetrahydropyranyl-1-trans-heptenyl}-phenyl!-pyrimidine.

Example 14

At 25° C., 6.7 g (12 mmol) of the 5-undecyloxy-2-4-{6-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-1-trans-heptenyl}-phenyl!-pyrimidine obtainedin Example 13, 0.4 g (2 mmol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate, 50 mlof methanol and 5 ml of water were stirred for two hours. Then, waterwas added and the mixture was extracted with ether. The organic layerwas washed with water and dried, the solvent was distilled off, and theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 4.7 g(yield 90%) of(-)-5-undecyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,α!_(D) ²⁰ =-1.1 (c=1.3, CHCl₃).

Example 15

At room temperature, 4.0 g (9 mmol) of the(-)-5-undecyloxy-2-{4-(6-hydroxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidineobtained in Example 14, 40 ml of methyl iodide and 6.3 g (27 mmol) ofsilver oxide were stirred for 40 hours. Then, the reaction mixture waswashed with 1N hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous solution ofsodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of the residue bysilica gel column chromatography gave 2.1 g (yield 52%) of(-)-5-undecyloxy-2-{4-(6-methoxy-1-trans-heptenyl)-phenyl}-pyrimidine,α!_(D) ²⁰ =-1.6 (c=1.0, CHCl₃).

Example 16

After replacing the inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device and a thermometer with nitrogen gas, 1.2 g (10mmol) of optically active 4-ethoxy-1-pentyne was introduced, and 1.4 g(12 mmol) of catecholborane was dropwise added thereto. After stirringthe content of the flask at room temperature for one hour, the contentwas reacted at 70° C. for 2 hours. By distilling off the unreactedcatecholborane under reduced pressure, there was obtained opticallyactive E-4-ethoxy-1-pentenylcatecholborane.

Apart from the above, inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device, a reflux condenser and a thermometer wasreplaced with nitrogen gas, and then the flask was charged with 2.4 g (8mmol) of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-5-methoxymethylpyrimidine, 0.12 g (0.1 mmol)of tetrakis-triphenylphosphine-palladium, 1.2 g (30 mmol) of sodiumhydroxide and 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Subsequently, 25 ml of asolution prepared by dissolving 10 mmol of the above-obtained opticallyactive E-4-ethoxy-1-pentenylcatecholborane in tetrahydrofuran wasdropwise added thereto at room temperature. Then, the whole mixture washeated under reflux with stirring for 6 hours. After cooling thereaction mixture to room temperature, 5 ml of 10% aqueous solution ofsodium hydroxide and 2 ml of 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxidewere added, and the resulting mixture was stirred for one hour. Themixture was extracted with ether, and the organic layer was twice washedwith each 20 ml portion of saturated aqueous solution of sodium chlorideand dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilledoff, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography toobtain 2.0 g (yield 81%) of (-)-5-methoxymethyl-2-4-(4-ethoxy-1-trans-pentenyl)-phenyl!-pyrimidine.

A reactor was charged with 1.5 g (4.8 mmol) of the(-)-5-methoxymethyl-2- 4-(4-ethoxy-1-trans-pentenyl)phenyl!-pyrimidineobtained above, 5 ml of 6N-hydrochloric acid and 25 ml oftetrahydrofuran. After stirring the mixture at 50° C. for 6 hours, waterwas added. After extraction with ether, the organic layer was washedsuccessively with aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and saturatedaqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried, and the solvent wasdistilled off. Purification of the residue by silica gel columnchromatography gave 1.0 g (yield 82%) of (-)-5-hydroxy-2-4-(4-ethoxy-1-trans-pentenyl)-phenyl!-pyrimidine.

Then, a mixture of 0.9 g (3.4 mmol) of the (-)-5-hydroxy-2-4-(4-ethoxy-1-trans-pentenyl)-phenyl!-pyrimidine obtained above, 1.24 g(6 mmol) of 1-bromononane, 1.24 g (9 mmol) of potassium carbonate and 15ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was stirred at 100° C. for 4 hours. Themixture was washed successively with 1N hydrochloric acid and saturatedaqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate.

After concentration under reduced pressure, purification of the residueby silica gel column chromatography gave 1.3 g (yield 95%) of(-)-5-nonyloxy-2- 4-(4-ethoxy-1-trans-pentenyl)-phenyl!-pyrimidine,α!_(D) ²⁰ =-1.2 (c=0.8, CHCl₃).

Example 17

After replacing inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equipped with astirring device and a thermometer with nitrogen gas, the flask wascharged with 1.26 g (5 mmol) of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-5-hydroxypyrimidine,0.01 g (0.008 mmol) of tetrakis-triphenylphosphine-palladium, 0.6 g (15mmol) of sodium hydroxide and 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran. Then, 19.5 ml ofa solution prepared by dissolving 7.5 mmol of E-1-nonenylcatecholborane,prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, in tetrahydrofuran wasdropwise added at room temperature. The resulting mixture was heatedunder reflux with stirring for 7 hours. After cooling the mixture toroom temperature, the mixture was extracted with 30 ml of toluene, andthe organic layer was twice washed with each 10 ml portion of saturatedaqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After distilling off the solvent, purification of the residueby silica gel column chromatography gave 1.16 g (yield 75%) of2-{4-(1-decenyl)-phenyl}-5-hydroxypyrimidine.

A reactor was charged with 1.0 g (2.67 mmol) of the2-{4-(1-decenyl)-phenyl}-5-hydroxypyrimidine obtained above, 2 ml ofpyridine, 0.01 g of 4-pyrrolidinopyridine and 20 ml of dichloromethane.While cooling the mixture to a temperature not higher than 0° C. in anatmosphere of nitrogen gas, 1.13 g (4 mmol) of trifluoromethanesulfonicacid anhydride was dropwise added and stirred for two hours. Afterextraction with water, the organic layer was washed successively with1N-hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous solution of sodium chlorideand dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After distilling off thesolvent, purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatographygave 1.06 g (yield 90%) of2-{4-(1-decenyl)-phenyl}-5-trifluoromethylsulfonyloxypyrimidine.

After replacing the inner atmosphere of a four-necked flask equippedwith a stirring device and a thermometer with nitrogen gas, the flaskwas charged with 1.0 g (2.26 mmol) of the2-{4-(1-decenyl)-phenyl}-5-trifluoromethylsulfonyloxypyrimidine obtainedabove. Then, 0.01 g (0.008 mmol) oftetrakis-triphenylphosphine-palladium, 0.27 g (6.78 mmol) of sodiumhydroxide and 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran were added thereto. Further, 19.5ml of a solution prepared by dissolving 3.39 mmol ofE-6-hydroxy-1-heptenyldihydroxyborane, prepared in the same manner as inExample 4, in tetrahydrofuran was dropwise added thereto at roomtemperature. The whole mixture was heated under reflux with stirring for8 hours, and cooled to room temperature. After extraction with 30 ml oftoluene, the organic layer was twice washed with each 10 ml portion ofsaturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. After distilling off the solvent, the residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 0.63 g (yield69%) of 2-{4-(1-decenyl)-phenyl}-5-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-pyrimidine.

A mixture of 0.5 g (1.23 mmol) of the2-{4-(1-decenyl)-phenyl}-5-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-pyrimidine obtainedabove, 1.43 g (6.15 mmol) of silver oxide and 10 ml of ethyl iodide wasstirred at room temperature for 70 hours. The reaction mixture waswashed with 1N-hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous solution ofsodium chloride and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Afterdistilling off the solvent, the residue was purified by silica gelcolumn chromatography to obtain 0.26 g (yield 48%) of2-{4-(1-decenyl)-phenyl}-5-(6-ethoxy-1-heptenyl)-pyrimidine, α!_(D) ²⁰=-1.12 (c=1.0, CHCl₃).

Examples 18-109

The trans-olefin compounds (1) shown in Table 1 (1)-(13) were obtainedby repeating the reaction of Example 1, except that the startingcompounds shown in Table 1 (1)-(13) were used.

Examples 110-156

The trans-olefin compounds (1) shown in Table 2 (1)-(7) were obtained byrepeating the reaction of Example 2, 3 and 4, except that the startingcompounds shown in Table 2 (1)-(7) were used.

Examples 157-165

The trans-olefin compounds (1) shown in Table 3 (1)-(2) were obtained byrepeating the reaction of Example 5, except that the starting compoundsshown in Table 3 (1)-(2) were used.

Examples 166 and 167

The trans-olefin compounds (1) shown in Table 4 were obtained byrepeating the reaction of Example 16, except that the starting compoundsshown in Table 4 were used.

    TABLE 1                                                                          - Starting compounds                                                           Halide (3) Boron compound (2)                                                  Example R.sup.1 m A.sup.1 p A.sup.2 q A.sup.3 X (R.sup.3).sub.2 n r s t R     .sup.2                                                                          18 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 0                                                                    ##STR22##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR23##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR24##                                                                      5 0 0 0 H                                                                     19 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 0                                                                    ##STR25##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR26##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR27##                                                                      7 0 0 0 H                                                                     20 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR28##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR29##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR30##                                                                      4 0 0 0 H                                                                     21 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR31##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR32##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR33##                                                                      6 0 0 0 H                                                                     22 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR34##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR35##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR36##                                                                      7 0 0 0 H                                                                     23 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR37##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR38##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR39##                                                                      6 0 0 0 H                                                                     24 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR40##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR41##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR42##                                                                      5 0 0 0 H                                                                     25 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR43##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR44##                                                                      0 -- I                                                                         ##STR45##                                                                      3 0 0 0 H                                                                     26 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            1                                                                            ##STR46##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR47##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR48##                                                                      6 0 0 0 H                                                                     27 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            0                                                                            ##STR49##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR50##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR51##                                                                      5 0 0 0 H                                                                     28 n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15                                                            1                                                                            ##STR52##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR53##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR54##                                                                      6 0 0 0 H                                                                     29 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR55##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR56##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR57##                                                                      6 0 0 0 H                                                                     30 n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                             1                                                                            ##STR58##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR59##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR60##                                                                      6 0 0 0 H                                                                     31 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR61##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR62##                                                                      0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR63##                                                                      5 0 0 0 H                                                                     32 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR64##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR65##                                                                      0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR66##                                                                      6 0 0 0 H                                                                     33 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR67##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR68##                                                                      0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR69##                                                                      7 0 0 0 H                                                                     34 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.25 0                                                                    ##STR70##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR71##                                                                      0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR72##                                                                      7 0 0 0 H                                                                     35 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR73##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR74##                                                                      0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR75##                                                                      8 0 0 0 H                                                                     36 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR76##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR77##                                                                      0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR78##                                                                      7 0 0 0 H                                                                     37 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            1                                                                            ##STR79##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR80##                                                                      0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR81##                                                                      7 0 0 0 H                                                                     38 n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15                                                            1                                                                            ##STR82##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR83##                                                                      0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR84##                                                                      7 0 0 0 H                                                                     39 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            1                                                                            ##STR85##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR86##                                                                      0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR87##                                                                      5 0 0 0 H                                                                     40 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR88##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR89##                                                                      0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR90##                                                                      7 0 0 0 H                                                                     41 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR91##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR92##                                                                      0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR93##                                                                      7 0 0 0 H                                                                     42 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.25 0                                                                    ##STR94##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR95##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR96##                                                                      7 0 0 0 H                                                                     43 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR97##                                                                       1                                                                              ##STR98##                                                                      0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR99##                                                                      8 0 0 0 H                                                                     44 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR100##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR101##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR102##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     45 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR103##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR104##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR105##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     46 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR106##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR107##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR108##                                                                     6 0 0 0 H                                                                     47 n-C.sub.11                                                                   H.sub.23 1                                                                    ##STR109##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR110##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR111##                                                                     5 0 0 0 C.sub.6                                                                H.sub.13                                                                                      48 n-C.sub.10                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR112##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR113##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR114##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     49 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR115##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR116##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR117##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     50 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR118##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR119##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR120##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     51 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 0                                                                    ##STR121##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR122##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR123##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     52 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR124##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR125##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR126##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     53 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR127##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR128##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR129##                                                                     5 0 0 0 C.sub.7                                                                H.sub.15                                                                                      54 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                            1                                                                            ##STR130##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR131##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR132##                                                                     6 0 0 0 H                                                                     55 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            1                                                                            ##STR133##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR134##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR135##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR136##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     56 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR137##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR138##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR139##                                                                     OTf                                                                            ##STR140##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     57 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR141##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR142##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR143##                                                                     OTf                                                                            ##STR144##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     58 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR145##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR146##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR147##                                                                     OTf                                                                            ##STR148##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     59 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            0                                                                            ##STR149##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR150##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR151##                                                                     OTf                                                                            ##STR152##                                                                     8 0 0 0 H                                                                     60 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR153##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR154##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR155##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR156##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     61 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR157##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR158##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR159##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR160##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     62 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR161##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR162##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR163##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR164##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     63 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR165##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR166##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR167##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR168##                                                                     8 0 0 0 H                                                                     64 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR169##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR170##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR171##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR172##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     65 n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15                                                            1                                                                            ##STR173##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR174##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR175##                                                                     OTf                                                                            ##STR176##                                                                     6 0 0 0 H                                                                     66 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR177##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR178##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR179##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR180##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     67 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            0                                                                            ##STR181##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR182##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR183##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR184##                                                                     8 0 0 0 H                                                                     68 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR185##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR186##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR187##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR188##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     69 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR189##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR190##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR191##                                                                     OTf                                                                            ##STR192##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     70 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR193##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR194##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR195##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR196##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     71 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR197##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR198##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR199##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     72 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR200##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR201##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR202##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     73 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 0                                                                    ##STR203##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR204##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR205##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     74 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR206##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR207##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR208##                                                                     OTf                                                                            ##STR209##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     75 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR210##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR211##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR212##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR213##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     76 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR214##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR215##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR216##                                                                     8 0 0 0 H                                                                     77 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR217##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR218##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR219##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     78 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.15                                                            1                                                                            ##STR220##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR221##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR222##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     79 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR223##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR224##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR225##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     80 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR226##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR227##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR228##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     81 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 0                                                                    ##STR229##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR230##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR231##                                                                     8 0 0 0 H                                                                     82 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR232##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR233##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR234##                                                                     6 0 0 0 H                                                                     83 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR235##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR236##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR237##                                                                     Br                                                                             ##STR238##                                                                     8 0 0 0 H                                                                     84 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.15 1                                                                    ##STR239##                                                                      0 -- 0 -- Br                                                                   ##STR240##                                                                     9 0 0 0 C.sub.2                                                                H.sub.5                                                                                       85 n-C.sub.10                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR241##                                                                      0 -- 0 -- Br                                                                   ##STR242##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     86 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR243##                                                                      0 -- 0 -- Br                                                                   ##STR244##                                                                     10                                                                              0 0 0 H                                                                        87 n-C.sub.10                                                                 H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR245##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR246##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR247##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     88 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR248##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR249##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR250##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     89 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR251##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR252##                                                                     0 -- Br                                                                        ##STR253##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     90 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR254##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR255##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR256##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     91 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR257##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR258##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR259##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     92 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR260##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR261##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR262##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     93 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR263##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR264##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR265##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     94 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            1                                                                            ##STR266##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR267##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR268##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     95 n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15                                                            1                                                                            ##STR269##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR270##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR271##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     96 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR272##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR273##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR274##                                                                     8 0 0 0 H                                                                     97 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR275##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR276##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR277##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     98 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR278##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR279##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR280##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     99 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR281##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR282##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR283##                                                                     8 0 0 0 H                                                                     100  n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                          1                                                                            ##STR284##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR285##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR286##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     101  n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                          1                                                                            ##STR287##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR288##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR289##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                     102  n-C.sub.10                                                                 H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR290##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR291##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR292##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     103  n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                          1                                                                            ##STR293##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR294##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR295##                                                                     8 0 0 0 H                                                                     104  n-C.sub.10                                                                 H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR296##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR297##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR298##                                                                     8 0 0 0 H                                                                     105  n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                          1                                                                            ##STR299##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR300##                                                                     0 -- OTf                                                                       ##STR301##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     106                                                                             ##STR302##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR303##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR304##                                                                     0  OTf                                                                         ##STR305##                                                                     4 0 0 0 H                                                                     107  CH.sub.3                                                                   OCH.sub.2 1                                                                   ##STR306##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR307##                                                                     0  OTf                                                                         ##STR308##                                                                     8 0 0 0 H                                                                     108  tBu(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                        Si 1                                                                          ##STR309##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR310##                                                                     0  OTf                                                                         ##STR311##                                                                     7 0 0 0 H                                                                     109                                                                             ##STR312##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR313##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR314##                                                                     1  OTf                                                                         ##STR315##                                                                     5 0 0 0 H                                                                      ##STR316##                                                                      Yield (%),                                                                    trans-Olefin compound (1) Phase series                                         Example R.sup.1 m A.sup.1(A.sup.2).sub.p(A.sup.3).sub.q n R.sup.2 (at         elevated temp., °C.)                                                     18 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 0                                                                    ##STR317##                                                                      5 H 87                                                                        19 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 0                                                                    ##STR318##                                                                      7 H 88                                                                        20 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR319##                                                                      4 H                                                                            ##STR320##                                                                    21 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR321##                                                                      6 H                                                                            ##STR322##                                                                    22 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR323##                                                                      7 H 81                                                                        23 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR324##                                                                      6 H 75                                                                        24 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR325##                                                                      5 H 79                                                                        25 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR326##                                                                      3 H 80                                                                        26 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            1                                                                            ##STR327##                                                                      6 H                                                                            ##STR328##                                                                    27 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            0                                                                            ##STR329##                                                                      5 H 73                                                                        28 n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15                                                            1                                                                            ##STR330##                                                                      6 H 79                                                                        29 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR331##                                                                      6 H                                                                            ##STR332##                                                                    30 n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                             1                                                                            ##STR333##                                                                      6 H                                                                            ##STR334##                                                                    31 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR335##                                                                      5 H                                                                            ##STR336##                                                                    32 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR337##                                                                      6 H                                                                            ##STR338##                                                                    33 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR339##                                                                      7 H                                                                            ##STR340##                                                                    34 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.25 0                                                                    ##STR341##                                                                      7 H 76                                                                        35 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR342##                                                                      8 H                                                                            ##STR343##                                                                    36 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR344##                                                                      7 H 73                                                                        37 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            1                                                                            ##STR345##                                                                      7 H 81                                                                        38 n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15                                                            1                                                                            ##STR346##                                                                      7 H 84                                                                        39 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            1                                                                            ##STR347##                                                                      5 H 75                                                                        40 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR348##                                                                      7 H                                                                            ##STR349##                                                                    41 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR350##                                                                      7 H 71                                                                        42 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.25 0                                                                    ##STR351##                                                                      7 H 83                                                                        43 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR352##                                                                      8 H                                                                            ##STR353##                                                                    44 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR354##                                                                      7 H                                                                            ##STR355##                                                                    45 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR356##                                                                      7 H                                                                            ##STR357##                                                                    46 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR358##                                                                      6 H 82                                                                        47 n-C.sub.11                                                                   H.sub.23 1                                                                    ##STR359##                                                                      5 C.sub.6                                                                      H.sub.13 77                                                                            48 n-C.sub.10                                                          H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR360##                                                                      7 H 84                                                                        49 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR361##                                                                      7 H                                                                            ##STR362##                                                                    50 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR363##                                                                      5 H 86                                                                        51 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 0                                                                    ##STR364##                                                                      4 H 85                                                                        52 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR365##                                                                      7 H 81                                                                        53 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR366##                                                                      5 C.sub.7                                                                      H.sub.15 79                                                                            54 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                   1                                                                            ##STR367##                                                                      6 H 85                                                                        55 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            1                                                                            ##STR368##                                                                      5 H 70                                                                        56 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR369##                                                                      4 H 81                                                                        57 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR370##                                                                      5 H 79                                                                        58 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR371##                                                                      7 H 78                                                                        59 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            0                                                                            ##STR372##                                                                      8 H 80                                                                        60 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR373##                                                                      4 H 82                                                                        61 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR374##                                                                      5 H 81                                                                        62 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR375##                                                                      4 H 83                                                                        63 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR376##                                                                      8 H 82                                                                        64 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR377##                                                                      5 H 79                                                                        65 n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15                                                            1                                                                            ##STR378##                                                                      6 H 73                                                                        66 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR379##                                                                      7 H 81                                                                        67 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            0                                                                            ##STR380##                                                                      8 H 71                                                                        68 n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                            1                                                                            ##STR381##                                                                      4 H 73                                                                        69 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR382##                                                                      5 H 87                                                                        70 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR383##                                                                      4 H 81                                                                        71 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR384##                                                                      4 H                                                                            ##STR385##                                                                    72 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR386##                                                                      5 H 81                                                                        73 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 0                                                                    ##STR387##                                                                      7 H 83                                                                        74 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR388##                                                                      4 H 87                                                                        75 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR389##                                                                      5 H 79                                                                        76 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR390##                                                                      8 H 76                                                                        77 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR391##                                                                      7 H                                                                            ##STR392##                                                                    78 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.15                                                            1                                                                            ##STR393##                                                                      7 H 75                                                                        79 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR394##                                                                      7 H 68                                                                        80 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR395##                                                                      7 H 62                                                                        81 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 0                                                                    ##STR396##                                                                      8 H 55                                                                        82 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR397##                                                                      6 H 59                                                                        83 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR398##                                                                      8 H 75                                                                        84 n-C.sub.12                                                                   H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR399##                                                                      9 C.sub.2                                                                      H.sub.5 74                                                                             85 n-C.sub.10                                                          H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR400##                                                                      7 H 69                                                                        86 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR401##                                                                      10                                                                              H 71                                                                           87 n-C.sub.10                                                                 H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR402##                                                                      5 H 70                                                                        88 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR403##                                                                      4 H 67                                                                        89 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR404##                                                                      4 H 65                                                                        90 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR405##                                                                      4 H 76                                                                        91 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR406##                                                                      4 H 83                                                                        92 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR407##                                                                      4 H 75                                                                        93 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR408##                                                                      5 H 80                                                                        94 n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                            1                                                                            ##STR409##                                                                      5 H 82                                                                        95 n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15                                                            1                                                                            ##STR410##                                                                      5 H 80                                                                        96 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR411##                                                                      8 H 79                                                                        97 n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                            1                                                                            ##STR412##                                                                      4 H 83                                                                        98 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR413##                                                                      4 H 75                                                                        99 n-C.sub.10                                                                   H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR414##                                                                      8 H 84                                                                        100  n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19                                                          1                                                                            ##STR415##                                                                      4 H 83                                                                        101  n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                          1                                                                            ##STR416##                                                                      5 H 85                                                                        102  n-C.sub.10                                                                 H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR417##                                                                      4 H 83                                                                        103  n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13                                                          1                                                                            ##STR418##                                                                      8 H 79                                                                        104  n-C.sub.10                                                                 H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR419##                                                                      8 H 81                                                                        105  n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17                                                          1                                                                            ##STR420##                                                                      7 H 75                                                                        106                                                                             ##STR421##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR422##                                                                     4 H 71                                                                        107  CH.sub.3                                                                   OCH.sub.2 1                                                                   ##STR423##                                                                      8 H 68                                                                        108  tBu(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                        Si 1                                                                          ##STR424##                                                                      7 H 65                                                                        109                                                                             ##STR425##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR426##                                                                     5 H 73                                                                        *) OTf: OSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3 -                                              

    TABLE 2                                                                          - Starting compounds                                                           Halide (3) Boron compound (2)                                                  Example R.sup.1 m A.sup.1 p A.sup.2 q A.sup.3 X (R.sup.3).sub.2 n r s t Z      R.sup.2                                                                       110 n-C.sub.8                                                                   H.sub.17 1                                                                    ##STR427##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR428##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 1 0 1 0 -- H                                               111 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR429##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR430##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 3 0 1 0 -- H                                               112 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR431##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR432##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 F H                                                113 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR433##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR434##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR435##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                     114 n-C.sub.8                                                                   H.sub.17 1                                                                    ##STR436##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR437##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR438##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 2 1 1 0 H H                                                     115 n-C.sub.8                                                                   H.sub.17 1                                                                    ##STR439##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR440##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR441##                                                                     OTf (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                    116 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR442##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR443##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 1 1 1 0 H H                                               117 n-C.sub.12                                                                  H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR444##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR445##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 1 1 1 0 H H                                               118 n-C.sub.8                                                                   H.sub.17 1                                                                    ##STR446##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR447##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 1 0 1 0 -- H                                               119 n-C.sub.8                                                                   H.sub.17 1                                                                    ##STR448##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR449##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 3 0 1 0 -- H                                               120 n-C.sub.11                                                                  H.sub.23 1                                                                    ##STR450##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR451##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 3 0 1 0 -- H                                               121 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR452##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR453##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 2 1 1 0 H H                                                122 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR454##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR455##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                               123 n-C.sub.12                                                                  H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR456##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR457##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR458##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 1 1 1 0 H H                                                     124 n-C.sub.8                                                                   H.sub.17 0                                                                    ##STR459##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR460##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 5 1 1 0 H H                                                125 n-C.sub.8                                                                   H.sub.17 0                                                                    ##STR461##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR462##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 5 1 1 0 F H                                               126 n-C.sub.5                                                                   H.sub.11 1                                                                    ##STR463##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR464##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                127 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR465##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR466##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR467##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                     128 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR468##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR469##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR470##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                     129 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR471##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR472##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR473##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                     130 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR474##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR475##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR476##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 5 1 1 0 H H                                                     131 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR477##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR478##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR479##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                     132 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR480##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR481##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR482##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                     133 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR483##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR484##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR485##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 F H                                                     134 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR486##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR487##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR488##                                                                     OTf (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                    135 n-C.sub.8                                                                   H.sub.17 0                                                                    ##STR489##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR490##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR491##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 1 1 1 0 F H                                                     136 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR492##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR493##                                                                     0 -- Cl (HO).sub.2 2 1 1 0 H H                                                137 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR494##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR495##                                                                     0 -- Cl (HO).sub.2 1 1 1 0 H H                                                138 n-C.sub.9                                                                   H.sub.19 1                                                                    ##STR496##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR497##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR498##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                     139 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR499##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR500##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR501##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                     140 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR502##                                                                      0 -- 0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 4 1 1 0 H H                                           141 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR503##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR504##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                               142 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR505##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR506##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                               143 n-C.sub.8                                                                   H.sub.17 1                                                                    ##STR507##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR508##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 1 1 1 0 H H                                               144 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR509##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR510##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                145 n-C.sub.6                                                                   H.sub.13 1                                                                    ##STR511##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR512##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                146 n-C.sub.6                                                                   H.sub.13 1                                                                    ##STR513##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR514##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                               147 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR515##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR516##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                               148 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR517##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR518##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 2 1 1 0 H H                                                149 n-C.sub.12                                                                  H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR519##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR520##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 4 1 1 0 H H                                                150 n-C.sub.6                                                                   H.sub.13 1                                                                    ##STR521##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR522##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 1 1 1 0 H H                                                151 n-C.sub.10                                                                  H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR523##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR524##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                152 n-C.sub.8                                                                   H.sub.17 1                                                                    ##STR525##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR526##                                                                     0 -- Br (HO).sub.2 1 1 1 0 H H                                                153                                                                             ##STR527##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR528##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR529##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                               154                                                                             ##STR530##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR531##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR532##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                               155                                                                             ##STR533##                                                                     0                                                                              ##STR534##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR535##                                                                     0 -- OTf (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                               156                                                                             ##STR536##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR537##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR538##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR539##                                                                     Br (HO).sub.2 3 1 1 0 H H                                                    OSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3 -                                                           Carboxylic                                                                       acid (4) or  Optical                                                           alkylating trans-Olefin compound (1) rotation                                  Example agent (5) R.sup.1 m A.sup.1 p A.sup.2 q A.sup.3 n r s t Z             R.sup.2  α!.sub.D.sup.20                                                 110 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 I n-C.sub.8                                                 H.sub.17 1                                                                    ##STR540##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR541##                                                                     0 -- 1 0 1 0 -- C.sub.4                                                        H.sub.9 --                                                                                            111 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 I n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 1             ##STR542##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR543##                                                                     0 -- 3 0 1 0 -- C.sub.4                                                        H.sub.9 --                                                                                            112 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 1             ##STR544##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR545##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 F C.sub.2 H.sub.5 -1.26°(C =1.43,CHCl.sub.3)                                                                                113          C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.10                                                    H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR546##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR547##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR548##                                                                     3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                              H.sub.5 -1.02°(C =1.0,CHCl.sub.3)                                                        114 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.8                               H.sub.17 1                                                                    ##STR549##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR550##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR551##                                                                     2 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                              H.sub.5 --                                                                                      115 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.8                               H.sub.17 1                                                                    ##STR552##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR553##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR554##                                                                     3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                              H.sub.5 -1.1°(C =1.21,CHCl.sub.3)                                                        116 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 I n-C.sub.10                              H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR555##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR556##                                                                     0 -- 1 1 1 0 H C.sub.4                                                         H.sub.9 -1.3°(C =1.0,CHCl.sub.3)                                                              117 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 I n-C.sub.12 H.sub.25 1              ##STR557##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR558##                                                                     0 -- 1 1 1 0 H C.sub.4                                                         H.sub.9 --                                                                                           118 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 I n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17 1               ##STR559##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR560##                                                                     0 -- 1 0 1 0 -- C.sub.4                                                        H.sub.9 --                                                                                            119 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 I n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17 1              ##STR561##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR562##                                                                     0 -- 3 0 1 0 -- C.sub.4                                                        H.sub.9 --                                                                                            120 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 I n-C.sub.11 H.sub.23 1             ##STR563##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR564##                                                                     0 -- 3 0 1 0 -- C.sub.4                                                        H.sub.9 --                                                                                            121 CH.sub.3 I n-C.sub.10                               H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR565##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR566##                                                                     0 -- 2 1 1 0 H CH.sub.3 -1.7°(C =1.0,CHCl.sub.3)                       122 (CH.sub.3 CO).sub.2 O n-C.sub.10                                            H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR567##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR568##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 1 H CH.sub.3 -1.2°(C =1.0,CHCl.sub.3)                       123 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.12                                                H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR569##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR570##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR571##                                                                     1 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                              H.sub.5 -2.1°(C =1.2,CHCl.sub.3)                                                         124 C.sub.3 H.sub.7 I n-C.sub.8                               H.sub.17 0                                                                    ##STR572##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR573##                                                                     0 -- 5 1 1 0 H C.sub.3                                                         H.sub.7 -1.2°(C =0.8,CHCl.sub.3)                                                              125 CH.sub.3 COCl n-C.sub.8                              H.sub.17 0                                                                    ##STR574##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR575##                                                                     0 -- 5 1 1 1 F CH.sub.3 --                                                    126 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 I n-C.sub.5                                                 H.sub.11 1                                                                    ##STR576##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR577##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 H C.sub.4                                                         H.sub.9 --                                                                                           127 CH.sub.3 I n-C.sub.10                                H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR578##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR579##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR580##                                                                     3 1 1 0 H CH.sub.3 -1.2°(C =1.0,CHCl.sub.3)                            128 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.10                                                H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR581##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR582##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR583##                                                                     3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                              H.sub.5 -1.3°(C =1.0,CHCl.sub.3)                                                         129 CH.sub.3 I n-C.sub.10                                     H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR584##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR585##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR586##                                                                     3 1 1 0 H CH.sub.3 -0.8°(C =0.9CHCl.sub.3)                             130 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.10                                                H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR587##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR588##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR589##                                                                     5 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                              H.sub.5 -1.3°(C =1.3,CHCl.sub.3)                                                         131 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 OT.sub.s *) n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 1         ##STR590##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR591##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR592##                                                                     3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                              H.sub.5 --                                                                                      132 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.10                              H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR593##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR594##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR595##                                                                     3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                              H.sub.5 -0.8°(C =1.1,CHCl.sub.3)                                                         133 C.sub.3 H.sub.7 COCl n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 1                ##STR596##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR597##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR598##                                                                     3 1 1 1 F C.sub.3                                                              H.sub.7 --                                                                                      134 CH.sub.3 I n-C.sub.10                                     H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR599##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR600##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR601##                                                                     3 1 1 0 H CH.sub.3 -0.8(C =0.9,CHCl.sub.3)                                    135 (CH.sub.3 CO).sub.2 O n-C.sub.8                                             H.sub.17 0                                                                    ##STR602##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR603##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR604##                                                                     1 1 1 1 F CH.sub.3 --                                                         136 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.10                                                H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR605##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR606##                                                                     0 -- 2 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                         H.sub.5 --                                                                                           137 C.sub.5 H.sub.11 I n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 1             ##STR607##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR608##                                                                     0 -- 1 1 1 0 H C.sub.5 H.sub.11 -1.3°(C =0.9,CHCl.sub.3)                                                                                138           C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.9                                                     H.sub.19 1                                                                    ##STR609##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR610##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR611##                                                                     3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                              H.sub.5 -1.1°(C =1.0,CHCl.sub.3)                                                         139 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.10                              H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR612##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR613##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR614##                                                                     3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                              H.sub.5 -0.9°(C =0.7CHCl.sub.3)                                                          140 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 I n-C.sub.10                              H.sub.21 1                                                                    ##STR615##                                                                      0 -- 0 -- 4 1 1 0 H C.sub.4                                                    H.sub.9 --                                                                                                141 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 I n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 1         ##STR616##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR617##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 H C.sub.4                                                         H.sub.9                                                                                              142 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 1              ##STR618##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR619##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                         H.sub.5                                                                                              143 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17 1               ##STR620##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR621##                                                                     0 -- 1 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                         H.sub.5                                                                                              144 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 1              ##STR622##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR623##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                         H.sub.5                                                                                              145 CH.sub.3 I n-C.sub.6                                 H.sub.13 1                                                                    ##STR624##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR625##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 H CH.sub.3                                                       146 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.6                                                 H.sub.13 1                                                                    ##STR626##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR627##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                         H.sub.5                                                                                              147 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 1              ##STR628##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR629##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                         H.sub.5                                                                                              148 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 1              ##STR630##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR631##                                                                     0 -- 2 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                         H.sub.5 --                                                                                           149 CH.sub.3 I n-C.sub.12                                H.sub.25 1                                                                    ##STR632##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR633##                                                                     0 -- 4 1 1 0 H CH.sub.3 -1.5°(C =1.1,CHCl.sub.3)                       150 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I n-C.sub.6                                                 H.sub.13 1                                                                    ##STR634##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR635##                                                                     0 -- 1 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                         H.sub.5 -1.2°(C =0.6,CHCl.sub.3)                                                              151 C.sub.5 H.sub.11 OT.sub.S *) n-C.sub.10             H.sub.21 1                                                                      ##STR636##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR637##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 H C.sub.5                                                         H.sub.11 --                                                                                          152 C.sub.3 H.sub.7 COCl n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17 1            ##STR638##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR639##                                                                     0 -- 1 1 1 1 H C.sub.3                                                         H.sub.7 --                                                                                           153 CH.sub.3                                             I                                                                             ##STR640##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR641##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR642##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 H CH.sub.3 -1.3°(C =1.1,CHCl.sub.3)                       154 CH.sub.3                                                                    I                                                                             ##STR643##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR644##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR645##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 H CH.sub.3 -1.2°(C =1.1,CHCl.sub.3)                       155 C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                             I                                                                             ##STR646##                                                                      0                                                                              ##STR647##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR648##                                                                     0 -- 3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                         H.sub.5 -1.3°(C =1.0,CHCl.sub.3)                                                              156 C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                      I                                                                             ##STR649##                                                                      1                                                                              ##STR650##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR651##                                                                     1                                                                              ##STR652##                                                                     3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2                                                              H.sub.5 -0.9°(C =1.2,CHCl.sub.3)                                       ##STR653##                                                                

                                      TABLE 3                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Ex-                                                                              Starting compounds                                                         am-                                                                              Halide (3)                            Boron compound (2)                   ple                                                                              R.sup.1                                                                            m A.sup.1 p A.sup.2 q A.sup.3 X  (R.sup.3).sub.2                                                                        n r s t Z R.sup.2           __________________________________________________________________________    157                                                                              n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                0                                                                                ##STR654##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR655##                                                                           0 --      Br                                                                                ##STR656##                                                                            1 1 1 1 H CH.sub.3          158                                                                              n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR657##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR658##                                                                           0 --      Br                                                                                ##STR659##                                                                            1 1 1 1 H CH.sub.3          159                                                                              n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR660##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR661##                                                                           0 --      Br                                                                                ##STR662##                                                                            1 1 1 1 H CH.sub.3          160                                                                              n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR663##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR664##                                                                           0 --      OTf                                                                               ##STR665##                                                                            3 1 1 1 H CH.sub.3          161                                                                              n-C.sub.11 H.sub.23                                                                1                                                                                ##STR666##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR667##                                                                           0 --      OTf                                                                               ##STR668##                                                                            2 1 1 1 H CH.sub.3          162                                                                              n-C.sub.12 H.sub.25                                                                1                                                                                ##STR669##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR670##                                                                           0 --      OTf                                                                               ##STR671##                                                                            3 1 1 0 H CH.sub.3          163                                                                              n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR672##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR673##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR674##                                                                           Br                                                                                ##STR675##                                                                            3 1 1 1 H CH.sub.3          164                                                                              n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR676##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR677##                                                                           0 --      Br                                                                                ##STR678##                                                                            5 1 1 1 H CH.sub.3          165                                                                              n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR679##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR680##                                                                           0 --      Br                                                                                ##STR681##                                                                            1 1 1 1 H CH.sub.3          __________________________________________________________________________        Carboxylic                                                                    acid (4) or                                            Optical            Exam-                                                                             alkylating                                                                          trans-Olefin compound (1)                        rotation           ple agent (5)                                                                           R.sup.1                                                                            m A.sup.1 p A.sup.2 q A.sup.3 n r s t Z R.sup.2                                                                            α!.sub.D                                                               .sup.20            __________________________________________________________________________    157 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I                                                                   n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                0                                                                                ##STR682##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR683##                                                                           0 --      1 1 1 0 H C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                   -3.2°                                                                  (C = 1.0,                                                                     CHCl.sub.3)        158 CH.sub.3 I                                                                          n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR684##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR685##                                                                           0 --      1 1 1 0 H CH.sub.3                                                                          -2.5°                                                                  (C = 1.2,                                                                     CHCl.sub.3)        159 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I                                                                   n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR686##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR687##                                                                           0 --      1 1 1 0 H C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                   -2.1°                                                                  (C = 1.1,                                                                     CHCl.sub.3)        160 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I                                                                   n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR688##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR689##                                                                           0 --      3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                   -1.1°                                                                  (C = 1.0,                                                                     CHCl.sub.3)        161 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I                                                                   n-C.sub.11 H.sub.23                                                                1                                                                                ##STR690##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR691##                                                                           0 --      2 1 1 0 H C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                   -1.5°                                                                  (C = 1.0,                                                                     CHCl.sub.3)        162 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I                                                                   n-C.sub.12 H.sub.25                                                                1                                                                                ##STR692##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR693##                                                                           0 --      3 1 1 0 H C.sub.5 H.sub.11                                                                  -1.0°                                                                  (C = 1.0,                                                                     CHCl.sub.3)        163 CH.sub.3 I                                                                          n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR694##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR695##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR696##                                                                           3 1 1 0 H CH.sub.3                                                                          -1.2°                                                                  (C = 1.3,                                                                     CHCl.sub.3)        164 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I                                                                   n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR697##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR698##                                                                           0 --      5 1 1 0 H C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                   -1.1°                                                                  (C = 1.0,                                                                     CHCl.sub.3)        165 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I                                                                   n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21                                                                1                                                                                ##STR699##                                                                           1                                                                                ##STR700##                                                                           0 --      1 1 1 0 H C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                   -1.0°                                                                  (C = 0.9,                                                                     CHCl.sub.3)        __________________________________________________________________________     *) OTf: OSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3 -                                             

                                      TABLE 4                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Starting compounds                                                            Exam-                                                                             Halide (3)                            Boron compound (2)                  ple R.sup.1  m A.sup.1  p A.sup.2  q A.sup.3                                                                         X  (R.sup.3).sub.2                                                                        n r s t Z R.sup.2          __________________________________________________________________________    166 HO       1                                                                                ##STR701##                                                                            1                                                                                ##STR702##                                                                            0 --                                                                              Br                                                                                ##STR703##                                                                            7 0 0 0 --                                                                              H                167 HO       1                                                                                ##STR704##                                                                            1                                                                                ##STR705##                                                                            0 --                                                                              Br                                                                                ##STR706##                                                                            7 0 0 0 --                                                                              H                __________________________________________________________________________             trans-Olefin compound (1)                 Yield (%), Phase                                                              series                     Example  R.sup.1                                                                              m     A.sup.1 (A.sup.2).sub.p (A.sup.3).sub.q                                                      n      R.sup.2                                                                              (at elevated temp.,                                                           °C.)                __________________________________________________________________________    166      HO     1                                                                                    ##STR707##    7      H      71                         167      HO     1                                                                                    ##STR708##    7      H      63                         __________________________________________________________________________    Starting compounds                                                            Exam-                                                                             Halide (3)                            Boron compound (2)                  ple R.sup.1  m A.sup.1  p A.sup.2  q A.sup.3                                                                         X  (R.sup.3).sub.2                                                                        n r s t Z R.sup.2          __________________________________________________________________________    166                                                                                ##STR709##                                                                            0                                                                                ##STR710##                                                                            1                                                                                ##STR711##                                                                            0 --                                                                              OTf                                                                               ##STR712##                                                                            1 1 1 0 H H                167                                                                                ##STR713##                                                                            0                                                                                ##STR714##                                                                            1                                                                                ##STR715##                                                                            0 --                                                                              OTf                                                                               ##STR716##                                                                            3 1 1 0 H H                __________________________________________________________________________        Carboxylic                                                                    acid (4) or                                            Optical            Exam-                                                                             alkylating                                                                          trans-Olefin compound (1)                        rotation           ple agent (5)                                                                           R.sup.1                                                                              m  A.sup.1 p  A.sup.2 q  A.sup.3                                                                          n r s t Z R.sup.2                                                                            α!.sub.D                                                               .sup.20            __________________________________________________________________________    166 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I                                                                    ##STR717##                                                                          0                                                                                 ##STR718##                                                                           1                                                                                 ##STR719##                                                                           0  -- 1 1 1 0 H C.sub.2 H.sub.5        167 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 I                                                                    ##STR720##                                                                          0                                                                                 ##STR721##                                                                           1                                                                                 ##STR722##                                                                           0  -- 3 1 1 0 H C.sub.2 H.sub.5        __________________________________________________________________________     *) OTf: OSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3 -                                             

Example 168

Liquid crystal parent composition (1-a) was prepared by mixing togetherthe following compounds at the compounding ratio mentioned below.

                  TABLE 5                                                         ______________________________________                                        Constituents and compounding ratio of parent composition (1-a)                                             Ratio                                            Compound used                (mol %)                                          ______________________________________                                         ##STR723##                  25                                                ##STR724##                  25                                                ##STR725##                  50                                               ______________________________________                                         (All the double bonds are transform.)                                    

The composition was put between two glass substrates carrying theirrespective transparent electrodes and oriented polyimide films. The gapbetween the two glass substrates was adjusted to 2 μm with a spacer. Twopolarizing plates having 90°-rotated planes of polarization wereprovided outside the two glass substrates to prepare a liquid crystalelement. The axis of polarization in the incident side was made tocoincide with the direction of rubbing of the oriented polyimide film.

Comparative Example 1

Liquid crystal composition (1-b) was prepared by the use ofphenylpyrimidine compounds represented by the following general formula:##STR726## wherein R and R'0 each represents an alkyl group, which aregenerally used as ingredient of parent composition.

                  TABLE 6                                                         ______________________________________                                        Constituents and compounding ratio of parent composition (1-b)                Compound used            Ratio (mol %)                                        ______________________________________                                         ##STR727##              14                                                    ##STR728##              14                                                    ##STR729##              29                                                    ##STR730##              43                                                   ______________________________________                                    

Next, phase series of these liquid crystal elements were measured.

Phase series were determined by heating a liquid crystal element to aliquid state, thereafter cooling the liquid crystal element at a rate of2.5° C. per minute, and observing the texture by means of polarizingmicroscope. Table 7 lists the results obtained in Example 168 andComparative Example 1, wherein the unit is °C.

                  TABLE 7                                                         ______________________________________                                        Comparison of phase series                                                             Parent composition (1-a)                                                                   Parent composition (1-b)                                ______________________________________                                        Phase series                                                                             -13 58 87 96    1 46 59 66                                                    K--Sc--S.sub.A --N--I                                                                        K--Sc--S.sub.A --N--I                               Temp. range of Sc                                                                        71             45                                                  phase                                                                         ______________________________________                                    

It is apparent from Table 7 that a parent composition constituted from atrans-olefin compound has a phase series necessary for acquiring a goodorientation, namely liquid phase→nematic phase→smectic A phase→smectic Cphase, and the temperature range of smectic C phase is broader than thatof composition (1-b) constituted from a compound having no trans bondand the upper limit of the temperature range is higher than that ofcomposition (1-b). Accordingly, parent compositions constituted oftrans-olefin compounds are superior to those constituted of compoundshaving no trans bond.

Example 169

Next, a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (2-a) was prepared bymixing the parent composition (1-a) of Example 168 with the followingoptically active compound at the compounding ratio mentioned below.

                                      TABLE 8                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Constituents and compounding ratio of                                         ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (2-a)                                                                   Ratio                                      Compound used                      (mol %)                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Composition (1-a)                  90                                          ##STR731##                        10                                         __________________________________________________________________________

Comparative Example 2

Ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (2-b) was prepared by mixingthe same optically active compound as used in the preparation of (2-a)into the parent composition (1-b) of Comparative Example 1.

                                      TABLE 9                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Constituents and compounding ratio of                                         ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (2-b)                                                                   Ratio                                      Compound used                      (mol %)                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Composition (1-b)                  90                                          ##STR732##                        10                                         __________________________________________________________________________

Next, phase series, spontaneous polarizations, tilt angles and responsetimes of these liquid crystal elements were measured.

Spontaneous polarization was calculated according to the triangular wavemethod mentioned in Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 22, Part2, Pages L661-663 (1993).

Tilt angle was determined by placing a liquid crystal element on asample table, applying a rectangular wave voltage of 10 V/μm thereto,measuring the angles θ1 and θ2 of the extinction positions with regardto electric field and polarization while rotating the sample table, andtaking one halves of the angles as tilt angles.

Response time was determined by projecting light to a liquid crystalelement, inputting a rectangular wave of ±10 V/μm, and measuring theperiod of time required for changing the light transmittance of liquidcrystal element from 10% to 90% at the time of inversion of polarity.

Results of Examples 169 and Comparative Example 2 are summarized in thefollowing table, wherein the unit is °C.

                  TABLE 10                                                        ______________________________________                                        Comparison of characteristic properties                                                Ferroelectric liquid                                                                       Ferroelectric liquid                                             crystal composition (2-a)                                                                  crystal composition (2-b)                               ______________________________________                                        Phase series                                                                              53 96 98       37 60 98                                                      Sc*--S.sub.A --N--I                                                                          Sc*--S.sub.A --N--I                                 Magnitud of spon-                                                                        2nC/cm.sup.2 1)                                                                              0.1 nC/cm.sup.2 under .sup.1)                       taneous polarization                                                          Tilt angle 17° .sup.1)                                                                           14° .sup.1)                                  Response time                                                                            244 μs .sup.2)                                                                            696 μs .sup.2)                                   ______________________________________                                         .sup.1) Measured at a temperature 17° lower than S.sub.A --Sc*         transition.                                                                   .sup.2) Measured at 20° C.                                        

It is apparent from Table 10 that the composition (2-a) containing atrans-olefin compound has a phase series necessary for acquiring a goodorientation, namely liquid phase→cholesteric phase→smectic A phase→chiral smectic C phase, and upper limit temperature of the chiralsmectic C phase was higher than that of the composition (2-b) containinga compound having no trans bond. Further, liquid crystal composition(2-a) was greater than composition (2-b) in induced spontaneouspolarization and tilt angle. Accordingly, the amount of optically activecompound could be made smaller in the case of trans-olefin compound thanin the case of a compound having no trans bond.

Table 10 also demonstrates that composition (2-a) is smaller thancomposition (2-b) in response time at 20° C. That is, a compositionusing trans-olefin compound is superior to a composition using acompound having no trans bond in high-speed response property.

It can be concluded from the above that a composition using atrans-olefin compound is superior to a composition using a compoundhaving no trans bond.

Example 170

Liquid crystal parent composition (3-a) was prepared by mixing thefollowing compounds at the following compounding ratio. Using thecomposition, a liquid crystal element was prepared in the same manner asin Example 168.

                  TABLE 11                                                        ______________________________________                                        Constituents and compounding ratio of                                         parent composition (3-a)                                                                                  Ratio                                             Compound used               (mol %)                                           ______________________________________                                         ##STR733##                 40                                                 ##STR734##                 60                                                ______________________________________                                    

Comparative Example 3

For comparison with Example 170, liquid crystal composition (3-b) wasprepared from a bicyclic phenylpyrimidine compound having notrans-olefin structure on its side chain, from which a liquid crystalelement was prepared in the same manner as in Example 170.

                  TABLE 12                                                        ______________________________________                                        Constituents and compounding ratio of                                         parent composition (3-b)                                                                               Ratio                                                Compound used            (mol %)                                              ______________________________________                                         ##STR735##              27                                                    ##STR736##              34                                                    ##STR737##              39                                                   ______________________________________                                    

Next, phase series of these liquid crystal elements were measured. Phaseseries was determined by heating a liquid crystal element to a liquidstate, cooling the liquid crystal element at a rate of 2.5° C. perminute, and identifying the phase series while observing the texture bymeans of polarizing microscope. Table 13 summarizes the results ofExample 170 and Comparative Example 3. The data shown in Table 13 arethose obtained by cooling the sample from liquid state untilcrystallization and thereafter elevating the temperature at the samerate. The unit is °C.

                  TABLE 13                                                        ______________________________________                                        Comparison of phase series                                                    Example    Parent composition                                                                         Phase series                                          ______________________________________                                        170        (3-a)         18 65 67 75                                                                  K--Sc--S.sub.A --N--I                                 Comparative                                                                              (3-b)        33 51                                                 Example                 K--Sc--I                                              ______________________________________                                         Unit: °C.                                                         

It is apparent from Table 13 that a liquid crystal parent compositionconstituted of a trans-olefin compound has a phase series necessary foracquiring a good orientation, namely a phase series of changing fromisotropic phase, passing nematic phase and smectic A phase and reachingsmectic C phase when cooled slowly, while composition (3-b) constitutedof a compound having no trans-olefin structure exhibits only smectic Cphase as a liquid crystal phase.

Further, as to the temperature range of smectic C phase, liquid crystalparent composition (3-a) is broader than liquid crystal parentcomposition (3-b) in both upper and lower limits. Accordingly, a liquidcrystal parent composition constituted of a trans-olefin compound issuperior to that constituted of a compound having no trans-olefinstructure.

Example 171

Next, ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (4-a) was prepared bymixing the liquid crystal parent composition (3-a) with the followingoptically active composition at the following compounding ratio.

                  TABLE 14                                                        ______________________________________                                        Constituents and compounding ratio of                                         ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (4-a)                                                            Ratio                                             Compound used               (mol %)                                           ______________________________________                                        Composition (3-a)           95                                                 ##STR738##                 5                                                 ______________________________________                                    

Comparative Example 4

Ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (4-b) was prepared by mixingthe same optically active compound as in the preparation offerroelectric liquid crystal composition (4-a) into the liquid crystalparent composition (3-b) shown in Comparative Example 3 at the samecompounding ratio.

                  TABLE 15                                                        ______________________________________                                        Constituents and compounding ratio of                                         ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (4-b)                                                            Ratio                                             Compound used               (mol %)                                           ______________________________________                                        Composition (3-b)           95                                                 ##STR739##                 5                                                 ______________________________________                                    

Next, liquid crystal elements similar to that of Example 168 wereprepared from these ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions, and phaseseries were evaluated. The data shown in Table 16 are those obtained atthe time of cooling the samples from liquid state at a rate of 2.5° C.per minute.

                  TABLE 16                                                        ______________________________________                                        Comparison of phase series                                                                Ferroelectric                                                                 liquid crystal                                                    Example     composition Phase series                                          ______________________________________                                        171         (4-a)                                                                                      ##STR740##                                           Comparative Example 4                                                                     (4-b)                                                                                      ##STR741##                                           ______________________________________                                    

It is apparent from Table 16 that the ferroelectric liquid crystalcomposition (4-a) constituted of a trans-olefin compound has a phaseseries necessary for acquiring a good orientation, namely a phase serieswhich, at the time of slow cooling from isotropic phase, changing viacholesteric phase and smectic A phase to chiral smectic C phase, whilethe composition (4-b) constituted of a compound having no trans-olefinstructure changed directly to chiral smectic C phase simultaneously withslow cooling from isotropic phase, without exhibiting neithercholesteric phase nor smectic A phase.

Further, the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (4-a) was higherthan (4-b) in the upper limit of the temperature range of chiral smecticC phase.

The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (4-a) constituted of atrans-olefin compound had a phase series necessary for acquiring a goodorientation. Thus, the electric field dependence of response time (τ-Vcharacter-istic) was measured to evaluate the performance as inversemode type liquid crystal material. The "response time" herein referredto means a minimum pulse width giving a good switching state at the timeof inputting monopolar pulse.

τ-V characteristics were evaluated in the following manner. A monopolarpulse having a duty ratio of 1:400, as shown in FIG. 2, was input tocause switching, and the change in the quantity of transmitting lightwas detected by means of photomultiplier. After current-voltageconversion, the change was input into oscilloscope and visuallyexamined.

The minimum pulse width giving a good switching state, namely theminimum pulse width retaining a memorial property, at an electric fieldwas taken as the minimum pulse width at that electric field. As usedherein, the term "not retaining memorial property" means that thecontrast ratio between two stable states decreases. By plotting theminimum value of pulse width, a τ-V characteristic curve was obtained.Minimum value of input electric field in the τ-V curve was expressed byEmin, and the pulse width at this point was expressed by τmin

FIG. 3 illustrates the τ-V characteristic curve of Example 171 at 25° C.The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (4-a) had Emin value of 14V/μm and τmin value of 148 μs, demonstrating its excellence as a liquidcrystal material for inverse mode.

Example 172

Ferroelectric liquid crystal composition 5 was prepared by mixing acompound represented by general formula (1) and other compounds at acompounding ratio shown in Table 17 (% by mol, hereinafter the same).

                                      TABLE 17                                    __________________________________________________________________________                                       Ratio                                      Structural formula                 (mol %)                                    __________________________________________________________________________     ##STR742##                        15                                          ##STR743##                        2                                           ##STR744##                        3                                           ##STR745##                        3                                           ##STR746##                        6                                           ##STR747##                        24                                          ##STR748##                        4                                           ##STR749##                        10.5                                        ##STR750##                        10.5                                        ##STR751##                        11                                          ##STR752##                        11                                         __________________________________________________________________________

Using this liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal element wasprepared in the same manner as in Example 168.

Next, electric field dependence (τ-V characteristic curve) of theminimum pulse width of this liquid crystal composition was measured inthe following manner. Thus, a monopolar pulse having a duty ratio of1:400 was input to the liquid crystal element, and the change in thequantity of transmitting light was detected by means of photomultiplier.After current-voltage conversion, the change was input into oscilloscopeand visually examined. The minimum pulse width retaining a memorialproperty at a voltage was taken as the minimum pulse width at thatvoltage. As used herein, the term "not retaining memorial property"means that the contrast ratio between two stable states decreases. FIG.4 illustrates the τ-V characteristic at 25° C. In FIG. 4, the minimumpulse width capable of retaining memorial property is defined as τmin,and the electric field at that time is defined as Emin. The compositionof this example had τmin value of 94 μs and Emin value of 20 V/μm. Theτ-V characteristic curve of FIG. 4 demonstrates that this liquid crystalcomposition 5 can be used as a composition for τ-Vmin mode.

Example 173

Ferroelectric liquid crystal composition 6 was prepared by mixing acompound represented by the general formula (1) and other compounds atthe compounding ratio shown in Table 18.

                                      TABLE 18                                    __________________________________________________________________________                                      Ratio                                       Structural formula                (mol %)                                     __________________________________________________________________________     ##STR753##                       20                                           ##STR754##                       12                                           ##STR755##                       17                                           ##STR756##                       17                                           ##STR757##                        9                                           ##STR758##                       10                                           ##STR759##                       10                                           ##STR760##                        5                                          __________________________________________________________________________

FIG. 5 illustrates the τ-V characteristics measured in the same manneras in Example 172. In this liquid crystal composition 6, τmin was 167 μsand Emin was 18 V/μm. It is apparent from FIG. 5 that this liquidcrystal composition 6 can be used as a composition for τV-min mode.

What is claimed is:
 1. An optically active trans-olefin compoundrepresented by general formula (1): ##STR761## wherein n is an integerof 0-10; m, r, s and t each represents 0 or 1; Z is hydrogen atom orfluorine atom; R¹ is hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated alkyl grouphaving 1-20 carbon atoms, or saturated or unsaturated alkoxyalkyl grouphaving 2-20 carbon atoms, provided that when m=1, R¹ may also be aprotecting group as hereinafter defined and when r=0, s=0 and t=0, R¹cannot be an unsaturated alkyl group; R² is hydrogen atom, saturated orunsaturated alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms optionally substitutedby halogen atom, or saturated or unsaturated alkoxyalkyl group having2-20 carbon atoms optionally substituted by halogen atom, provided thatwhen s=1 and t=0, R² may also be a protecting group as hereinafterdefined, wherein the protecting group of R¹ and R², which may be thesame or different, is selected from the group consisting of aliphaticacyl group which may optionally be substituted by halogen atom or byalkoxy group; benzoyl group which may optionally be substituted byhalogen atom, or by alkyl group, or by alkoxy group, or by nitro group,or by cyano group; benzyl group which may optionally be substituted byhalogen atom, or by alkyl group, or by alkoxy group, or by nitro group,or by cyano group; trialkylsilyl group, dialkylphenylsilyl group,alkyldiphenylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, aralkyldialkylsilylgroup, diaralkylalkylsilyl group and triaralkylsilyl group, providedthat the phenyl and aralkyl groups in the above-mentioned groups mayoptionally be substituted by halogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group;and tetrahydropyranyl group, tetrahydrofuranyl group and1-(alkoxy)-alkyl groups, which may optionally be substituted by halogenatom or alkoxy group; A¹, A² and A³ each represents one of the followinggroups: ##STR762## in which i is an integer of 0-4; j and k are each aninteger of 0-3; and p and q are 0 or 1, provided that when A¹ is a fusedring, p+q=0 or 1 and A² and A³ are single rings, and when A¹ is a singlering, p+q=1 or 2, provided that when p+q=2, A² and A³ are both singlerings provided that at least one of A¹, A² and A³ is a group of##STR763## wherein i is an integer of 1-4, or a group of ##STR764##wherein J is an integer of 1-3 or k is an integer of 1-3.
 2. A liquidcrystal composition containing at least one transolefin compoundrepresented by general formula (1): ##STR765## wherein n is an integerof 0-10; m, r, s and t each represents 0 or 1; Z is hydrogen atom orfluorine atom; R¹ is hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated alkyl grouphaving 1-20 carbon atoms, or saturated or unsaturated alkoxyalkyl grouphaving 2-20 carbon atoms, provided that when m=1, R¹ may also be aprotecting group as hereinafter defined and when r=0, s=0 and t=0, R¹cannot be an unsaturated alkyl group; R² is hydrogen atom, saturated orunsaturated alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms optionally substitutedby halogen atom, or saturated or unsaturated alkoxyalkyl group having2-20 carbon atoms optionally substituted by halogen atom, provided thatwhen s=1 and t=0, R² may also be a protecting group as hereinafterdefined, wherein the protecting group of R¹ and R², which may be thesame or different, is selected from the group consisting of aliphaticacyl group which may optionally be substituted by halogen atom or byalkoxy group; benzoyl group which may optionally be substituted byhalogen atom, or by alkyl group, or by alkoxy group, or by nitro group,or by cyano group; benzyl group which may optionally be substituted byhalogen atom, or by alkyl group, or by alkoxy group, or by nitro group,or by cyano group; trialkylsilyl group, dialkylphenylsilyl group,alkyldiphenylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, aralkyldialkylsilylgroup, diaralkylalkylsilyl group and triaralkylsilyl group, providedthat the phenyl and aralkyl groups in the above-mentioned groups mayoptionally be substituted by halogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group;and tetrahydropyranyl group, tetrahydrofuranyl group and1-(alkoxy)-alkyl groups, which may optionally be substituted by halogenatom or alkoxy group; A¹, A², and A³ each represents one of thefollowing groups: ##STR766## in which i is an integer of 0-4; j and kare each an integer of 0-3; and p and q are 0 or 1, provided that whenA¹ is a fused ring, p+q=0 or 1 and A² and A³ are single rings, and whenA¹ is a single ring, p+q=1 or 2, provided that when p+q=2, A² and A³ areboth single rings provided that at least one of A¹, A² and A³ is a groupof ##STR767## wherein i is an integer of 1-4, or a group of ##STR768##wherein J is an integer of 1-3 or k is an integer of 1-3, and at leastone trans-olefin compound represented by the general formula (1'):##STR769## wherein n is an integer of 0-10; m, r, s and t each represent0 or 1; Z is hydrogen atom or fluorine atom; R¹ is hydrogen, saturatedor unsaturated alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, or saturated orunsaturated alkoxyalkyl group having 2-20 carbon atoms, provided thatwhen m=1, R¹ may also be a protecting group as hereinafter defined andwhen r=0, s=0 and t=0, R¹ cannot be unsaturated alkyl group; R² ishydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1-20 carbonatoms optionally substituted by halogen atom, or saturated orunsaturated alkoxyalkyl group having 2-20 carbon atoms optionallysubstituted by halogen atom, provided that when s=1 and t=0, R² may alsobe a protecting group as hereinafter defined, wherein the protectinggroup of R¹ and R², which may be the same or different, is selected fromthe group consisting of aliphatic acyl group which may optionally besubstituted by halogen atom or by alkoxy group; benzoyl group which mayoptionally be substituted by halogen atom, or by alkyl group, or byalkoxy group, or by nitro group, or by cyano group; benzyl group whichmay optionally be substituted by halogen atom, or by alkyl group, or byalkoxy group, or by nitro group, or by cyano group; trialkylsilyl group,dialkylphenylsilyl group, alkyldiphenylsilyl group, triphenylsilylgroup, aralkyldialkylsilyl group, diaralkylalkylsilyl group andtriaralkylsilyl group, provided that the phenyl and aralkyl groups inthe above-mentioned groups may optionally be substituted by halogenatom, alkyl group, alkoxy group; and tetrahydropyranyl group,tetrahydrofuranyl group and 1-(alkoxy)-alkyl groups, which mayoptionally be substituted by halogen atom or alkoxy group; A¹, A² and A³each represents one of the following groups: ##STR770## in which i, jand k each represents 0; and p and q are 0 or 1, provided that when A¹is a fused ring, p+q=0 or 1 and A² and A³ are single rings, and when A¹is a single ring, p+q=1 or 2, provided that when p+q=2, A² and A³ areboth single rings wherein the rings A¹, A² and A³ have no fluorine atom.3. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 2 which furthercomprises an optically active compound.